Current trends and patterns of PFAS in agroecosystems and environment: A review.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are one of the more well-known highly persistent organic pollutants with potential risks to agroecological systems. These compounds are of global concern due to their persistence and mobility, and they often lead to serious impacts on environmental, agricultural, and human health. In the past 20 years, the number of science publications on PFAS has risen; despite this, certain fundamental questions about PFAS occurrence, sources, mechanism of transport, and impacts on agroecosystems and the societies dependent on them are still open and evolving.

A Case Of Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

is a parasite responsible for intestinal amebiasis and possible extraintestinal manifestations, such as liver abscesses. India, Africa, Mexico, and Central and South America have some of the highest rates of infection due to poor socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The infection has become more common in the United States due to an increase in emigration.

Community acquired meningitis: a case report.

Introduction: meningitis is most commonly seen as a nosocomial infection and in post-neurosurgical patients. Reports of community acquired meningitis cases are rare in the United States. The objective of this case report is to discuss an uncommon pathogen causing meningitis, , its risk and prognostic factors and to emphasize the importance of early recognition and appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Treatment Sequencing for Childhood ADHD: A Multiple-Randomization Study of Adaptive Medication and Behavioral Interventions.

Behavioral and pharmacological treatments for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were evaluated to address whether endpoint outcomes are better depending on which treatment is initiated first and, in case of insufficient response to initial treatment, whether increasing dose of initial treatment or adding the other treatment modality is superior. Children with ADHD (ages 5-12, N = 146, 76% male) were treated for 1 school year. Children were randomized to initiate treatment with low doses of either (a) behavioral parent training (8 group sessions) and brief teacher consultation to establish a Daily Report Card or (b) extended-release methylphenidate (equivalent to .

A Rare Case of Pneumonia Caused by Shewanella putrefaciens.

Shewanella putrefaciens is a gram-negative, nonfermentative, oxidase positive, motile bacillus that produces hydrogen sulphide. It is found widely in the nature especially in marine environments. In some very rare cases Shewanella putrefaciens can be a human pathogen.

The efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and behavior modification in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and severe mood dysregulation.

Objectives: This study examines the tolerability and efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) and behavior modification therapy (BMOD) in children with attention-deficity/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and severe mood dysregulation (SMD).

Methods: Children (ages 5-12) from a summer program for ADHD were screened for SMD and additional manic-like symptoms using structured assessments and direct clinical interview with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The SMD group was comprised of 33 subjects with SMD and elevated YMRS scores (mean = 23.

Altered clinical presentation of early syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objectives: To compare clinical presentations of patients with early syphilis who did or did not have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: The sexually transmitted diseases clinics of the Baltimore City Health Department.

Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors of the posterior mediastinum related to asymptomatic refractory anemia.

Two asymptomatic paravertebral thoracic masses occurred in a 65-year-old patient with isolated macrocytosis. The largest one measured 8 cm and was surgically resected with a presumptive diagnosis of schwannoma. This thoracic mass was hemorrhagic, encapsulated, and composed of fat and hematopoietic tissue.

Germ cell tumors of the mediastinum. A 30-year experience.

Background: The records of 98 consecutive patients (58 males and 40 females; median age, 27 years; age range, 2-64 years) who presented with a primary germ cell tumor (GCT) of the mediastinum between January 1960 and December 1990 were reviewed. There were 45 mature teratomas, 8 immature teratomas, 16 pure seminomas, and 24 malignant nonseminomatous GCT (MNSGCT).

Results: All patients with mature teratomas were cured by radical resection alone, except one patient who died intraoperatively.

Response to anti-human IgE in human pulmonary arteries. Regulation by endothelium.

Initial reports concerning anaphylactic reactions in the lung have demonstrated that histamine is released, and this mediator may be responsible for the severe hypotension observed in vivo in sensitized animals. However, those mechanisms involved in the antigen-vascular interactions have not been elucidated. Human isolated pulmonary arterial preparations relaxed when challenged with anti-human IgE (a-IgE).

A second cysteinyl leukotriene receptor in human lung.

Leukotrienes (LT) are potent spasmogenic agents in human isolated bronchial and pulmonary venous muscle preparations. Treatment of human isolated pulmonary veins with the L-serine borate complex (45 mM; 30 min) did not alter the LTC4 pD2 values in these preparations. The cysteinyl LT antagonists, ICI 198615, MK 571 and SKF 104353, significantly shifted to the right the LT concentration-effect curves in airways with pKB values against LTC4 of 8.

Histamine receptors on human isolated pulmonary arterial muscle preparations: effects of endothelial cell removal and nitric oxide inhibitors.

Human isolated intact pulmonary arterial muscle ring preparations which were precontracted with serotonin (10 microM) relaxed when stimulated with low concentrations of histamine, 2-[2-thiazolyl]ethylamine or 2-[pyridyl]ethylamine (pD2 values: 8.66 +/- 0.22, 7.

The secretory granule peptides 7B2 and CCB are sensitive biochemical markers of neuro-endocrine bronchial tumours in man.

Objective: Bronchial tumours are the most frequent cause of the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Two types of tumours are classically responsible: the relatively benign carcinoids and the highly aggressive small cell carcinomas. Both have neuro-endocrine features and are thought to originate from the endocrine component of the bronchial tree.

Long-term follow-up after prosthetic replacement of the superior vena cava combined with resection of mediastinal-pulmonary malignant tumors.

The contraindication to curative excision of mediastinal and pulmonary cancers because of invasion of the superior vena cava is now challenged by the existence of vascular prostheses that are suitable for venous replacement. Between 1979 and 1990 22 patients underwent resection of lung cancer (n = 6) or malignant mediastinal tumors (n = 16) involving the superior vena cava. Resection was done with concomitant venous reconstruction, and polytetrafluorethylene grafts were used.

Proopiomelanocortin gene expression in normal and tumoral human lung.

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is not restricted to the pituitary corticotroph cell, but also takes place in many normal and tumoral nonpituitary tissues. In contrast, the ectopic ACTH syndrome is a rare event. Because it is most often associated with lung tumors, we specifically studied this tissue, analyzing the different forms of POMC RNAs in normal specimens as well as in various types of tumors.

Effects and specific binding sites of endothelin in human lung preparations.

Endothelin binding in human isolated lung membrane fractions revealed a single class of high affinity recognition sites with a Kd of 1.33 +/- 0.15 nM and a Bmax of 9.

[Solitary plasmacytoma of the trachea. Apropos of a case].

A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the trachea is reported. Immunohistochemical study is mandatory to prove a monoclonal immunophenotyping. Research for signs of systemic disease and follow up over a long period of time are indicated.

[Histopathology and prognosis of thymomas. Statistical analysis of 200 cases].

200 cases of thymoma operated on at the surgical centre of Marie-Lannelongue between 1955 and 1982 were reviewed and analysed statistically; their histology was compared and their evolutionary potential. Based on their degree of differentiation of the epithelial tumour component and on the proportion of non tumour associated lymphocytes, 4 histological types were defined: 1) Spindle-or-oval-cell thymomas where tumour cells reminiscent of normal involutive thymic cells were of small size with a tendency to form clusters, whorls or a glandular appearance; 2) Lymphocyte-rich thymomas where normal epithelial cells, few in number, reproduce the appearance of normal thymic cells; 3) Differentiated epithelial thymomas, comprised of large epithelial cells with abundant cytoplasm and clearly demarcated and often less numerous lymphocytes; 4) Undifferentiated epithelial thymomas, characterised by a poverty of lymphocytes and anaplastic epithelial cells with a raised nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear irregularity and mitosis. Statistically, there was a significant correlation between the degree of differentiation of the tumor and prognosis.

Thymoma epithelial cells secrete thymic hormone but do not express class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex.

17 thymomas were studied by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of thymic hormones and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The thymoma epithelial cells (specifically identified by their keratin content) contained thymic hormones (thymulin and thymosin alpha 1), a finding corroborated by the observation of elevated thymulin serum levels. In contrast with normal or hyperplastic thymuses, thymoma epithelial cells did not express HLA-DR and HLA-DC antigens as assessed by immunofluorescence as well as immunoblot analyses.

Thymoma. A comparative study of clinical stages, histologic features, and survival in 200 cases.

Two hundred thymomas, surgically treated between 1955 and 1982 at the Marie Lannelongue Surgical Center, were subjected to statistical analysis, comparing clinical stages and histologic types and relating them to survival. Clinical stages were defined as follows. Stage I: no invasiveness, total excision; Stage II: localized invasiveness (no more than two mediastinal structures); Stage III: largely invasive, with or without distant tumorous grafts, lymph node deposits, or metastases.

[Anatomopathology, physiopathology and treatment of the emphysematous disease of infants (apropos of an experience with 133 surgically treated cases)].

Infantile and childhood lobar pulmonary emphysema (LPE) has finally become a rather straightforward problem after 28 years experience and the important statistics published. Contrary to adult emphysema, and leaving aside the particular aspects of causal lesions, the pediatric form is usually a unilateral lobar or infralobar disorder, and therefore lends itself to surgical treatment.

[Results and prognostic factors in surgically treated thymoma. Apropos of a series of 194 cases].

The authors analyse a series of 194 thymomas (epithelial tumours of the thymus gland) which were operated over a period of about 25 years. The long term prognosis (70% 5 year survival and 60% 10 year survival) is examined in terms of the anatomo-surgical stage of the thymoma, the histological type of the tumour and the presence of associated auto-immune diseases. The authors recommend a more rigorous classification which takes into account both the anatomo-surgical and the histopathological findings so that the indications for post-operative mediastinal irradiation can be extended in a attempt to reduce the rate of distant recurrence of these tumours.