Measurement-oriented deep-learning workflow for improved segmentation of myelin and axons in high-resolution images of human cerebral white matter.

Background: Standard segmentation of high-contrast electron micrographs (EM) identifies myelin accurately but does not translate easily into measurements of individual axons and their myelin, even in cross-sections of parallel fibers. We describe automated segmentation and measurement of each myelinated axon and its sheath in EMs of arbitrarily oriented human white matter from autopsies.

New Methods: Preliminary segmentation of myelin, axons and background by machine learning, using selected filters, precedes automated correction of systematic errors.

Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout Aging.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis declines in aging rodents and primates. Aging humans are thought to exhibit waning neurogenesis and exercise-induced angiogenesis, with a resulting volumetric decrease in the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region, although concurrent changes in these parameters are not well studied. Here we assessed whole autopsy hippocampi from healthy human individuals ranging from 14 to 79 years of age.

Drug-related deaths between 2002 and 2013 with accent to methadone and benzodiazepines.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the trends of overdose and drug related fatalities in the Republic of Macedonia during the 11 years.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective survey and reviewed of postmortem toxicological analyses which examined fatal poisonings with illegal drugs in years 2002-2013. Information about gender, age, drug consumption, reported years were analyzed.