Psychosocial and biobehavioral processes underlying the association between prenatal risk factors and child self-regulation.

Over the past few decades, there has been accumulating evidence that prenatal exposure to risk is negatively related to child self-regulation. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. The present study used a multimethod approach to simultaneously examine the mediating role of the developmental trajectories of observed parenting quality (support, stimulation, and structure) and children's functional brain networks (small-worldness) from infancy into the preschool period in a sample of 233 children and their biological mothers.

Stability and change in maternal parenting profiles across infancy and toddlerhood.

During infancy and toddlerhood, parents show large individual differences in the extent to which they are able to tailor their parenting behaviors to their children's swiftly changing developmental needs. The first aim of our study was, therefore, to distinguish parenting profiles at three time points during infancy and toddlerhood (i.e.

Dropout from psychological treatment for borderline personality disorder: a multilevel survival meta-analysis.

Background: Dropout from psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a notorious problem. We investigated whether treatment, treatment format, treatment setting, substance use exclusion criteria, proportion males, mean age, country, and other variables influenced dropout.

Methods: From Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Psycinfo and other sources, 111 studies (159 treatment arms, = 9100) of psychotherapy for non-forensic adult patients with BPD were included.

Detecting social information processing profiles of boys with aggressive behavior problems: An interactive virtual reality approach.

Children with aggressive behavior problems may aggress for different reasons, requiring tailored assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether it is possible to detect distinct social information processing (SIP) profiles among boys with aggressive behavior problems. We therefore conducted Latent Profile Analyses on boys' SIP patterns assessed in interactive virtual reality.

Effectiveness of Psychological Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder and Predictors of Treatment Outcomes: A Multivariate Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Data from All Design Types.

We examined the effectiveness of psychotherapies for adult Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in a multilevel meta-analysis, including all trial types (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020111351). We tested several predictors, including trial- and outcome type (continuous or dichotomous), setting, BPD symptom domain and mean age. We included 87 studies (N = 5881) from searches between 2013 and 2019 in four databases.

Interactive Virtual Reality versus Vignette-Based Assessment of Children's Aggressive Social Information Processing.

This study examined whether interactive Virtual Reality (VR) provides a more ecologically valid assessment of children's aggressive social information processing (SIP) and aggressive responses than a standard vignette-based assessment. We developed a virtual classroom where children could meet and play games with virtual peers. Participants were boys (N = 184; ages 7-13) from regular education and special education for children with disruptive behavior problems.

Interactive virtual reality assessment of aggressive social information processing in boys with behaviour problems: A pilot study.

Children's aggressive behaviour is partly determined by how they process social information (e.g., making hostile interpretations or aiming to seek revenge).

The ESCRT-III machinery participates in the production of extracellular vesicles and protein export during Plasmodium falciparum infection.

Infection with Plasmodium falciparum enhances extracellular vesicle (EV) production in parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs), an important mechanism for parasite-to-parasite communication during the asexual intraerythrocytic life cycle. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), and in particular the ESCRT-III sub-complex, participates in the formation of EVs in higher eukaryotes. However, RBCs have lost the majority of their organelles through the maturation process, including an important reduction in their vesicular network.

Hostile Intent Attribution and Aggressive Behavior in Children Revisited: A Meta-Analysis.

To test specific hypotheses about the relation between hostile intent attribution (HIA) and children's aggressive behavior, a multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on 111 studies with 219 effect sizes and 29.272 participants. A positive association between HIA and aggression was found, but effect sizes varied widely between studies.

Specialized psychotherapies for adults with borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Borderline personality disorder affects up to 2% of the population and is associated with poor functioning, low quality of life and increased mortality. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice, but it is unclear whether specialized psychotherapies (dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization-based treatment, transference-focused therapy and schema therapy) are more effective than non-specialized approaches (e.g.

All-Optical Imaging of Gold Nanoparticle Geometry Using Super-Resolution Microscopy.

We demonstrate the all-optical reconstruction of gold nanoparticle geometry using super-resolution microscopy. We employ DNA-PAINT to get exquisite control over the (un)binding kinetics by the number of complementary bases and salt concentration, leading to localization accuracies of ∼5 nm. We employ a dye with an emission spectrum strongly blue-shifted from the plasmon resonance to minimize mislocalization due to plasmon-fluorophore coupling.

Affecting osteoblastic responses with in vivo engineered potato pectin fragments.

Pectins, complex plant-derived polysaccharides, are novel candidates for biomaterial nanocoatings. Pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I regions (RG-I) can be enzymatically treated to so-called modified hairy regions (MHR). We surveyed the growth and differentiation of murine preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells on Petri dishes coated with RG-Is from native or genetically engineered potato tubers.

Antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of okra pectin on B16F10 melanoma cells.

The proliferation and apoptosis of metastatic melanoma cells are often abnormal. We have evaluated the action of a pectic rhamnogalacturonan obtained by hot buffer extraction of okra pods (okra RG-I) on melanoma cell growth and survival in vitro. We added okra RG-I containing an almost pure RG-I carrying very short galactan side chains to 2D (on tissue culture polystyrene, tPS) and 3D (on poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), polyHEMA) cultures of highly metastatic B16F10 mouse melanoma cells.

Inhibition of LPS-induced proinflammatory responses of J774.2 macrophages by immobilized enzymatically tailored pectins.

The surface of an implant device can be modified by immobilizing biological molecules on it to improve its integration into the host tissue. We have previously demonstrated that enzymatically tailored plant pectins are promising nanocoatings for biomaterials. This study investigates whether a coating of modified hairy region (rhamnogalacturonan-I) from apple pectin (MHR-alpha) which has anti-adhesive properties can inhibit the generation of inflammatory mediators by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages.

Developmental complexity of arabinan polysaccharides and their processing in plant cell walls.

Plant cell walls are constructed from a diversity of polysaccharide components. Molecular probes directed to structural elements of these polymers are required to assay polysaccharide structures in situ, and to determine polymer roles in the context of cell wall biology. Here, we report on the isolation and the characterization of three rat monoclonal antibodies that are directed to 1,5-linked arabinans and related polymers.

Okra pectin contains an unusual substitution of its rhamnosyl residues with acetyl and alpha-linked galactosyl groups.

The okra plant, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, a native plant from Africa, is now cultivated in many other areas such as Asia, Africa, Middle East, and the southern states of the USA. Okra pods are used as vegetables and as traditional medicines.

Fingerprinting complex pectins by chromatographic separation combined with ELISA detection.

Enzyme-resistant pectin or modified hairy regions were subjected to size exclusion (HPSEC) and weak anion exchange (WAX) chromatography. Fractions collected after separation were tested for the presence of different pectic epitopes using the monoclonal antibodies LM2, LM5, LM6, and JIM7. Separation by HPSEC showed that based on molecular weight the different epitopes were restricted to distinct molecular weight populations.

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench).

Okra pods are commonly used in Asia as a vegetable, food ingredient, as well as a traditional medicine for many different purposes; for example, as diuretic agent, for treatment of dental diseases and to reduce/prevent gastric irritations. The healthy properties are suggested to originate from the high polysaccharide content of okra pods, resulting in a highly viscous solution with a slimy appearance when okra is extracted with water. In this study, we present a structural characterisation of all major cell wall polysaccharides originating from okra pods.

Differentiation of osteoblasts on pectin-coated titanium.

The gold standard for implant metals is titanium, and coatings such as collagen-I, RGD-peptide, chondroitin sulfate, and calcium phosphate have been used to modify its biocompatibility. We investigated how titanium coated with pectins, adaptable bioactive plant polysaccharides with anti-inflammatory effects, supports osteoblast differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells, primary murine osteoblasts, and human mesenchymal cells (hMC) were cultured on titanium coated with rhamnogalacturonan-rich modified hairy regions (MHR-A and MHR-B) of apple pectin.

Enzymatically-tailored pectins differentially influence the morphology, adhesion, cell cycle progression and survival of fibroblasts.

Improved biocompatibility and performance of biomedical devices can be achieved through the incorporation of bioactive molecules on device surfaces. Five structurally distinct pectic polysaccharides (modified hairy regions (MHRs)) were obtained by enzymatic liquefaction of apple (MHR-B, MHR-A and MHR-alpha), carrot (MHR-C) and potato (MHR-P) cells. Polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes, aminated by a plasma deposition process, were surface modified by the covalent linking of the MHRs.

Hydroxycinnamic acids are ester-linked directly to glucosyl moieties within the lignan macromolecule from flaxseed hulls.

In flaxseed hulls, lignans are present in an oligomeric structure. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), ester-linked to hydroxy-methyl-glutaric acid (HMGA), forms the backbone of this lignan macromolecule. The hydroxycinnamic acids p-coumaric acid glucoside (CouAG) and ferulic acid glucoside (FeAG) are also part of the lignan macromolecule.

High-throughput screening of monoclonal antibodies against plant cell wall glycans by hierarchical clustering of their carbohydrate microarray binding profiles.

Antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines were created following immunisation with a crude extract of cell wall polymers from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to rapidly screen the specificities of individual monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their binding to microarrays containing 50 cell wall glycans immobilized on nitrocellulose was assessed. Hierarchical clustering of microarray binding profiles from newly produced mAbs, together with the profiles for mAbs with previously defined specificities allowed the rapid assignments of mAb binding to antigen classes.

Bilberry xyloglucan--novel building blocks containing beta-xylose within a complex structure.

Bilberries are known to have one of the most complex xyloglucan structures described in the plant kingdom until now. To characterise this structure, xyloglucans were enzymatically degraded and the oligosaccharides obtained were analysed. More than 20 different building blocks were found to make up the xyloglucan polymer.

The flavonoid herbacetin diglucoside as a constituent of the lignan macromolecule from flaxseed hulls.

Lignans in flaxseed are known to be part of a macromolecule in which they are connected through the linker-molecule hydroxy-methyl-glutaric acid (HMGA). In this study, the lignan macromolecule was extracted from flaxseed hulls and degraded to its monomeric constituents by complete saponification. Besides secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the phenolic compounds p-coumaric acid glucoside (CouAG) and ferulic acid glucoside (FeAG) were isolated, which was expected based on indications from the literature.