Treatment of acute pharyngitis in children: an Italian intersociety consensus (SIPPS-SIP-SITIP-FIMP-SIAIP-SIMRI-FIMMG).

Sore throat represents one of the main causes of antibiotic overprescription in children. Its management is still a matter of debate, with countries considering streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis a benign and self-limiting condition and others advocating for its antibiotic treatment to prevent suppurative complications and acute rheumatic fever. Italian paediatricians frequently prescribe antibiotics on a clinical basis regardless of microbiological results.

Treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia in previously healthy children: an Italian intersociety consensus (SIPPS-SIP-SITIP-FIMP-SIAIP-SIMRI-FIMMG-SIMG).

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma acquired outside the hospital or other healthcare settings, typically affecting previously healthy individuals. This intersociety consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the antibiotic treatment of mild to moderate CAP in previously healthy children in Italy.A systematic review was conducted to identify the most recent and relevant evidence.

3D Lipogluing: Preliminary Results of a Novel Technique for Direct Three-dimensional Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction Surgery.

Lipofilling has emerged as an effective technique in breast reconstruction for enhancing aesthetic outcomes and addressing residual deformities. Traditionally, fat grafting has been performed as a secondary step in implant-based breast reconstruction during the replacement of the expander with a breast implant or as a revisional procedure. Our study investigates the technical feasibility and presents preliminary results of a new promising technique for delivering fat grafting in a three-dimensional (3D) shape, directly during mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction or in delayed breast reconstructive procedures.

A multicomponent complex intervention for supportive follow-up of persons with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled pilot study (the UTILE project).

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disease associated with a high burden of symptoms, high morbidity and mortality, and low quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and potential outcomes of a novel multicomponent complex intervention, to inform a future full-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Switzerland.

Methods: We conducted a pilot RCT at a secondary care hospital for people with HF hospitalized due to decompensated HF or with a history of HF decompensation over the past 6 months.

The D-amino acid oxidase-carbon nanotubes: evaluation of cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a potential anticancer nanosystem.

Unlabelled: The 'enzyme prodrug therapy' represents a promising strategy to overcome limitations of current cancer treatments by the systemic administration of prodrugs, converted by a foreign enzyme into an active anticancer compound directly in tumor sites. One example is D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), a dimeric flavoenzyme able to catalyze the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids with production of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), able to favor cancer cells death. A DAAO variant containing five aminoacidic substitutions (mDAAO) was demonstrated to possess a better therapeutic efficacy under low O concentration than wild-type DAAO (wtDAAO).

Gastroparesis: The Complex Interplay with Microbiota and the Role of Exogenous Infections in the Pathogenesis of the Disease.

Gastroparesis (GP) is a disorder of gastric functions that is defined by objective delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, post-prandial fullness, and early satiety. GP significantly impacts patients' quality of life and contributes to substantial healthcare expenses for families and society.

Optimization technique for increasing resolution in computed tomography imaging.

Starting from the importance of conforming to biological reality in medicine, in this paper we propose an optimization technique for increasing resolution of computed tomography (CT) images acquired using various existing scanners. Considering a three-dimensional Hounsfield Units (HU) array, together with the corresponding spatial metadata of interest (pixel sizes and slice thickness), the procedure is based on halving each voxel along the directions of the device's Cartesian frame of reference and find those values which are both satisfying the X-Rays attenuation coefficient average requirement and minimizing the HU distance to classical interpolation points. The discussed method was tested by implementing a C# .

The digitization process and the evolution of Clinical Risk Management concept: The role of Clinical Engineering in the operational management of biomedical technologies.

Introduction: Digital transformation and technological innovation which have influenced several areas of social and productive life in recent years, are now also a tangible and concrete reality in the vast and strategic sector of public healthcare. The progressive introduction of digital technologies and their widespread diffusion in many segments of the population undoubtedly represent a driving force both for the evolution of care delivery methods and for the introduction of new organizational and management methods within clinical structures.

Methods: The CS Clinical Engineering of the "Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia" decided to design a path that would lead to the development of a software for the management of biomedical technologies within its competence inside the hospital.

Rectal linitis plastica as the first presentation of metastatic lobular breast cancer: an endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis.

Gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon site of breast cancer metastasis. Rectal linitis plastica (RLP) is a rare presentation of rectal neoplasia, both primary and secondary, and refers to a diffuse infiltration of the wall by an infiltrating carcinoma. Diagnostic assessment of RLP may be challenging since cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic findings may be nonspecific, and endoscopic biopsies are frequently non-diagnostic due to the submucosal disease localization.

Do Vegetarian Diets Provide Adequate Nutrient Intake during Complementary Feeding? A Systematic Review.

During the complementary feeding period, any nutritional deficiencies may negatively impact infant growth and neurodevelopment. A healthy diet containing all essential nutrients is strongly recommended by the WHO during infancy. Because vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular in many industrialized countries, some parents ask the pediatrician for a vegetarian diet, partially or entirely free of animal-source foods, for their children from an early age.

Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several institutions propose responsive feeding (RF) as the caregivers' relational standard when nurturing a child, from breast/formula feeding onwards. Previous systematic reviews (SRs) on caregivers' feeding practices (CFPs) have included studies on populations from countries with different cultures, rates of malnutrition, and incomes, whereas this SR compares different CFPs only in healthy children (4-24 months) from industrialized countries. Clinical questions were about the influence of different CFPs on several important outcomes, namely growth, overweight/obesity, risk of choking, dental caries, type 2 diabetes (DM2), and hypertension.

Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

No consensus currently exists on the appropriate age for the introduction of complementary feeding (CF). In this paper, a systematic review is conducted that investigates the effects of starting CF in breastfed and formula-fed infants at 4, 4-6, or 6 months of age (i) on growth at 12 months of age, (ii) on the development of overweight/obesity at 3-6 years of age, (iii) on iron status, and (iv) on the risk of developing (later in life) type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension. An extensive literature search identified seven studies that evaluated the effects of the introduction of CF at the ages in question.

Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Indications, technique, results and comparison with surgical approach.

Gastroparesis is a chronic disease of the stomach that causes a delayed gastric emptying, without the presence of a stenosis. For 30 years the authors identified pylorospasm as one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms determining gastroparesis. Studies with EndoFLIP, a device that assesses pyloric distensibility, increased the knowledge about pylorospasm.

Liver-side of inflammatory bowel diseases: Hepatobiliary and drug-induced disorders.

Hepatobiliary disorders are among the most common extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), and therefore represent a diagnostic challenge. Immune-mediated conditions include primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) as the main form, variant forms of PSC (namely small-duct PSC, PSC-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis) and granulomatous hepatitis. PSC is by far the most common, presenting in up to 8% of IBD patients, more frequently in UC.

Recommendations on Complementary Feeding as a Tool for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)-Paper Co-Drafted by the SIPPS, FIMP, SIDOHaD, and SINUPE Joint Working Group.

Adequate and balanced nutrition is essential to promote optimal child growth and a long and healthy life. After breastfeeding, the second step is the introduction of complementary feeding (CF), a process that typically covers the period from 6 to 24 months of age. This process is, however, still highly controversial, as it is heavily influenced by socio-cultural choices, as well as by the availability of specific local foods, by family traditions, and pediatrician beliefs.

Complementary Feeding and Iron Status: "" Infants.

The complementary feeding (CF) period that takes place between 6 and 24 months of age is of key importance for nutritional and developmental reasons during the transition from exclusively feeding on milk to family meals. In 2021, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from four Italian scientific pediatric societies elaborated a consensus document on CF, focusing in particular on healthy term infants. The aim was to provide healthcare providers with useful guidelines for clinical practice.

Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants: Need of a Different Complementary Feeding Model?

Suboptimal nutrient quality/quantity during complementary feeding (CF) can impact negatively on infants' healthy growth, even with adequate energy intake. CF must supplement at best human milk (HM) or formulas, which show nutritional differences. Considering this, a differentiated CF is probably advisable to correctly satisfy the different nutritional needs.

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Restrictive Syndrome after Liquid Silicone Injection: The Role of the Plastic Surgeon.

Despite being especially used in its solid form, silicone is still injected as a liquid filler for breast contouring in many countries. Here, we present a rare case of a woman with silicone pneumonitis and extended breast scarring after breast silicone injection. Because of evidence of a restrictive syndrome due to the thoracic extensive scarring tissue and the high demand of oxygen therapy, as jointly agreed with the pulmonologists, we decided to perform a surgical asportation of the scarring tissue and covering with microsurgical flap.