Debottlenecking a Pulp Mill by Producing Biofuels from Black Liquor in Three Steps.

By extracting lignin, pulp production can be increased without heavy investments in a new recovery boiler, the typical bottleneck of a pulp mill. The extraction is performed by using 0.20 and 0.

High Yields of Bio Oils from Hydrothermal Processing of Thin Black Liquor without the Use of Catalysts or Capping Agents.

Black liquor (BL) from the kraft pulping process has been treated at elevated temperatures (380 °C) in a batch reactor to give high yields of a bio oil comprising monomeric phenolic compounds that were soluble in organic solvents and mineral oil and a water fraction with inorganic salts. The metal content in the product was <20 ppm after a simple extraction step. A correlation between concentration, temperature, and reaction time with respect to yield of desired product was found.

Selective metal-catalyzed transfer of H2 and CO from polyols to alkenes.

Transmission of alcohols achieved: A method for the direct transfer of the CHOH function from simple polyols to alkenes has been developed. In a dual-reactor system, successive iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenations and decarbonylations of polyols such as glycerol and sorbitol generates a low pressure of syngas, which is directly used in ex situ alkene hydroformylation.

Chiral hetero- and carbocyclic compounds from the asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic alkenes.

Several types of chiral hetero- and carbocyclic compounds have been synthesized by using the asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic alkenes. N,P-Ligated iridium catalysts reduced six-membered cyclic alkenes with various substituents and heterofunctionality in good to excellent enantioselectivity, whereas the reduction of five-membered cyclic alkenes was generally less selective, giving modest enantiomeric excesses. The stereoselectivity of the hydrogenation depended more strongly on the substrate structure for the five- rather than the six-membered cyclic alkenes.

Highly flexible synthesis of chiral azacycles via iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation.

A range of saturated chiral azacycles has been prepared in high yield and with high selectivity from simple starting materials. A modular approach with ring-closing metathesis as a key step was used to produce a number of five-, six-, and seven-membered cyclic alkenes. Asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by N,P-ligated iridium complexes gave saturated azacycles in high optical purity.

Iridium phosphite-oxazoline catalysts for the highly enantioselective hydrogenation of terminal alkenes.

A modular library of readily available phosphite-oxazoline ligands (L1-L16a-f) has been successfully applied for the first time in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a broad range of highly unfunctionalized 1,1,-disubstituted terminal alkenes. Enantioselectivities up to >99% and full conversions were obtained in several 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, including substrate classes that have never been asymmetrically hydrogenated before (i.e.

Biaryl phosphite-oxazolines from hydroxyl aminoacid derivatives: highly efficient modular ligands for Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes.

High enantioselectivities and activities are achieved in the Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of several unfunctionalized olefins using modular biaryl phosphite-oxazoline ligands from hydroxyl aminoacid derivatives; the presence of a biaryl phosphite group is crucial to this success.

Chiral pyranoside phosphite-oxazolines: a new class of ligand for asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes.

We have described the first successful application of a phosphite-oxazoline ligand library in the asymmetric Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of several unfunctionalized olefins. The introduction of a bulky biaryl phosphite moiety in the ligand design is highly adventitious in the product outcome. By carefully selecting the ligand components, we obtained high activities (TOFs up to >1500 mol x (mol x h)(-1) at 1 bar of H2) and enantioselectivities (ee values up to >99%) and, at the same time, show a broad scope for different substrate types.

Development of pinene-derived N,P ligands and their utility in catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation.

New diastereomeric N,P-ligands, derived from the natural product (+)-alpha-pinene, have been synthesized and evaluated in iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. The ligands are tetrahydroquinoline derivatives synthesized directly from commercially available alpha-pinene utilizing resolution or recrystallization to separate diastereomers. In reduction of a range of different trisubstituted alkenes the catalysts express very different activities ranging from no activity to high activity.