Brazilian physiotherapist anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey.

This study investigated the prevalence and the potential risk factors for anxiety and depression among physiotherapists during the pandemic. Physiotherapists answered a web-based questionnaire including 1) sociodemographic, professional and clinical information; 2) psychosocial demands; and 3) two validated questionnaires to measure anxiety and depression. Binary logistic regression identified the risk factors by means of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Early mobilization and physical exercise in patients with COVID-19: A narrative literature review.

Background: Currently, little is known about early mobilization and exercise in individuals with COVID-19.

Objective: To describe the indication and safety of early mobilization and exercises in mild to severe COVID-19 patients and to investigate the use of telerehabilitation to deliver exercise programs to these patients.

Methods: This narrative literature review was conducted performing a comprehensive search of databases.

Factors associated with Brazilian physical therapists' perception of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to evaluate the stress perception among Brazilian physical therapists (PTs) during COVID-19 pandemic and to identify which psychosocial demands, sociodemographic, professional and clinical factors do associate with the PTs' stress perception. This cross-sectional survey was based on a convenience sample of PTs, who answered a questionnaire about: 1) sociodemographic and professional characteristics, 2) clinical characteristics and information related to COVID-19, 3) psychosocial demands, and 4) 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Full responses were obtained from 417 PTs.

Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE.

Background: In recent years, it has been demonstrated the inhibitory effect of some plant species on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and rosmarinic acid is a prominent constituent of these species.

Hypothesis/purpose: This study was carried out to verify the effect of rosmarinic acid on blood pressure through inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats.

Study Design: The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats.

High conductance potassium channels activation by acid exposure in rat aorta is endothelium-dependent.

Background: We investigated, previously, the mechanism by which extracellular acidification promotes relaxation in rat thoracic aorta. These studies suggested that extracellular acidosis promotes vasodilation mediated by NO, KATP and SKCa, and maybe other K(+) channels in isolated rat thoracic aorta. This study was carried out to investigate the paxilline-mediated hyperpolarization induced by acid exposure.

In vitro effects of the organophosphorus pesticide malathion on the reactivity of rat aorta.

Background And Purpose: There is a remarkable paucity of studies analyzing the role of the endothelium-derived relaxing factors on the vascular effects of organophosphates. This study was carried out to evaluate the vascular effects of malathion and the role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2).

Methods: Vascular reactivity measuring isometric forces in vitro ('organ chambers') and flow cytometry (cells loaded with DAF-FM DA) were used.

Guanylate cyclase inhibition by methylene blue in circulatory shock caused by acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a word of caution based on a porcine model.

Objective: To study the therapeutic application of guanylate cyclase inhibition by methylene blue in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in pigs.

Methods: acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in anesthetized pigs by the retrograde infusion of 1 ml/kg of 5% sodium taurocholate and 8 U/kg enterokinase in the pancreatic duct. Three groups were studied (n = 5): control (C), pancreatitis (AP), and MB bolus followed by pancreatitis (MB+P).

The effect of extracellular pH changes on intracellular pH and nitric oxide concentration in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from rat aorta.

Aims: It has been known for more than a century that pH changes can alter vascular tone. However, there is no consensus about the effects of pH changes on vascular response. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracellular pH (pHo) changes on intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular nitric oxide concentration ([NO]i) in freshly isolated endothelial cells and cross sections from rat aorta.

Is rosmarinic acid underestimated as an experimental cardiovascular drug?

Purpose: The rationale of the present review is to analize the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis in the the cardiovascular system

Methods: A MEDLINE database search (from January 1970 to December 2011) using only rosmarinic acid as searched term.

Results: The references search revealed 509 references about rosmarinic acid in 40 years (the first reference is from 1970). There is a powerful prevalence of antioxidant and cancer studies.

The protective effect of cilostazol on isolated rabbit femoral arteries under conditions of ischemia and reperfusion: the role of the nitric oxide pathway.

Objectives: The clinical significance of ischemia/reperfusion of the lower extremities demands further investigation to enable the development of more effective therapeutic alternatives. This study investigated the changes in the vascular reactivity of the rabbit femoral artery and nitric oxide metabolites under partial ischemia/ reperfusion conditions following cilostazol administration.

Methods: Ischemia was induced using infrarenal aortic clamping.

Nitric oxide synthase in heart and thoracic aorta after liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: an experimental study in rats.

Objectives: We tested the effects of liver reperfusion in the immunohistochemical expression of nitric oxide synthase on the thoracic aorta and the heart.

Materials And Methods: We randomized 24 male Wistar rats into 3 groups: (1) control; (2) R2 group, with 60 minutes of partial (70%) liver ischemia and 2 hours of global liver reperfusion; (3) and R6 group, with 60 minutes of partial liver ischemia and 6 hours of global liver reperfusion.

Results: In the heart, there was little, diffuse immunohistochemical endothelial staining; immunohistochemical inducible nitric oxide synthase staining was expressed in the adventitia layer of intramyocardial vessels in both cases, with a time-dependent but not statistically significant increase.

Methylene blue administration in the compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock: hemodynamic study in pigs.

Purpose: To verify if the methylene blue (MB) administration prevents and/or reverses the compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced anaphylactic shock in pigs.

Methods: Female Dalland pigs were anesthetized and had the hemodynamic parameters recorded during the necessary time to administer some drugs and observe their effect. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the five groups: 1) control; 2) MB: the animals received a bolus injection of MB (2 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion of MB (2.

Nitrite exhaled breath condensate study in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery.

Background: There is a relative lack of studies on postoperative changes in nitrite (NO2 - ) concentrations, a marker of injury, following cardiac surgery. In this context, investigations on how exhaled NO concentrations vary in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery will certainly contribute to new clinical findings.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the EBC NO levels in both the pre and postoperative (24 hours) periods of cardiac surgery.

Acidosis induces relaxation mediated by nitric oxide and potassium channels in rat thoracic aorta.

We investigated the mechanism by which extracellular acidification promotes relaxation in rat thoracic aorta. The relaxation response to HCl-induced extracellular acidification (7.4 to 6.

Pharmacology of the human saphenous vein.

Nowadays, the great saphenous vein is the vascular conduit that is most frequently employed in coronary and peripheral revascularization surgery. It is known that saphenous vein bypass grafts have shorter patency than arterial ones, partly because the wall of the normal saphenous vein has different structural and functional characteristics. The features of this vein can be affected by the large distention pressures it is submitted to during its preparation and insertion into the arterial system.

Oxidative stress is not associated with vascular dysfunction in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Objectives: To verify if an experimental model of alloxan-diabetic rats promotes oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability and causes vascular dysfunction, and to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on these parameters.

Methods: Alloxan-diabetic rats were treated or not with NAC for four weeks. Plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx), the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) immunostaining and the vascular reactivity of aorta were compared among diabetic (D), treated diabetic (TD) and control (C) rats.

Vascular relaxation of canine visceral arteries after ischemia by means of supraceliac aortic cross-clamping followed by reperfusion.

Background: The supraceliac aortic cross-clamping can be an option to save patients with hipovolemic shock due to abdominal trauma. However, this maneuver is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury strongly related to oxidative stress and reduction of nitric oxide bioavailability. Moreover, several studies demonstrated impairment in relaxation after I/R, but the time course of I/R necessary to induce vascular dysfunction is still controversial.

Chronic alcoholism associated with diabetes impairs erectile function in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of chronic ethanol consumption and diabetes on nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation of cavernosal smooth muscle (CSM).

Material And Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, isocaloric, diabetic and ethanol-diabetic. The CSMs were mounted in organ chambers for measurement of isometric tension.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of three nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human saphenous vein exposed to different degrees of distension pressures.

The effect of short duration and different degrees of distension pressures was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry of the three nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the human saphenous vein conventionally harvested from 20 patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft. The human saphenous vein distal portion was divided into four segments, each one allocated to a different group. In Group I (control group), the human saphenous vein segment was not exposed to distension pressure.

Diabetes and vascular disease: basic concepts of nitric oxide physiology, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and therapeutic possibilities.

The vascular manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) result from the dysfunction of several vascular physiology components mainly involving the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and platelets. It is also known that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a role in the development of this dysfunction. This review considers the basic physiology of the endothelium, especially related to the synthesis and function of nitric oxide.

High-frequency ultrasonic waves cause endothelial dysfunction on canine epicardial coronary arteries.

Objective: Application of ultrasound energy by an endarterectomy probe can facilitate the removal of atheromatous plaque, but the effect of this procedure on surrounding vessel structure and function is still a matter of experimental investigations.

Methods: To determine whether ultrasound energy impairs the production of nitric oxide or damages vascular smooth muscle function, isolated canine epicardial coronary artery segments were exposed to either high (25 W) or low (0-10 W) ultrasonic energy outputs, for 15 seconds, using an endarterectomy device prototype. After exposure, segments of epicardial coronary artery were studied in organ chambers.

Endothelium dysfunction classification: why is it still an open discussion?

In the nineties, the present author developed a didactic endothelium dysfunction classification based on personal experience while waiting for a consensus about the need of such an accomplishment. As time went by and no publications regarding this subject were released, he published a text entitled "An open discussion about endothelial dysfunction: is it timely to propose a classification? Eight years later and the question about endothelium dysfunction classification remains "an open discussion". Nevertheless, we still keep using our proposed classification although always questioning its suitability and wondering reasons for why the scientific communities avoid discussing this very subject.

Plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) is not a useful biomarker to predict inherent cardiopulmonary bypass inflammatory response.

Background And Aim: There were strong evidences that nitric oxide has capital importance in the progressive vasodilatation associated with varied circulatory shock forms, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). If CPB procedures, per se, are the inciting stimulus for inflammation, plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) excretion would be expected to be higher in these patients rather than in patients operated without CPB. In consequence, we hypothesized that increased levels of NOx would be predictive for vasoplegic syndrome.