Corneal Penetration of Low-Dose Atropine Eye Drops.

Major studies demonstrating the inhibition of myopia in children and juveniles by low-dose atropine eye drops provide little information on the manufacturing process and the exact composition of the atropine dilutions. However, corneal penetration might significantly vary depending on preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and the atropine concentration. Since there is a trade-off between side effects, stability, and optimal effects of atropine on myopia, it is important to gain better knowledge about intraocular atropine concentrations.

Insulin Action in the Hypothalamus Increases Second-Phase Insulin Secretion in Humans.

Background: Animal studies and initial correlative data in humans indicate that insulin action in the brain may affect pancreatic insulin secretion. An important brain region for this process is the hypothalamus, an area that can develop insulin resistance.

Methods: Fifteen young, healthy men (27 ± 3 years) with a wide BMI spectrum (20-30 kg/m2) underwent 2 hyperglycemic clamps (target blood glucose: 10 mmol/L).

Choline Supplementation in Cystic Fibrosis-The Metabolic and Clinical Impact.

Background: Choline is essential for the synthesis of liver phosphatidylcholine (PC), parenchymal maintenance, bile formation, and lipoprotein assembly to secrete triglycerides. In choline deficiency, the liver accretes choline/PC at the expense of lung tissue, thereby impairing pulmonary PC homoeostasis. In cystic fibrosis (CF), exocrine pancreas insufficiency results in impaired cleavage of bile PC and subsequent fecal choline loss.

Combined choline and DHA supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Choline and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential nutrients for preterm infant development. They are metabolically linked via phosphatidylcholine (PC), a constitutive plasma membrane lipid and the major transport form of DHA in plasma. Plasma choline and DHA-PC concentrations rapidly decline after preterm birth.

Safety of intranasal human insulin: A review.

Aims: To conduct a review in order to assess the safety of intranasal human insulin in clinical studies as well as the temporal stability of nasal insulin sprays.

Material And Methods: An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE. We selected original research on intranasal human insulin without further additives in humans.

The Oral Bioavailability of 8-Prenylnaringenin from Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in Healthy Women and Men is Significantly Higher than that of its Positional Isomer 6-Prenylnaringenin in a Randomized Crossover Trial.

Scope: Prenylated chalcones and flavonoids from hop (Humulus lupulus L.), such as 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), are investigated for their health beneficial and anticancer activities. We, thus, compare the oral bioavailability and safety of 6-PN and 8-PN in healthy young women and men, and investigated their effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Tinnitus Patients with Comorbid Headaches: The Influence of Headache Type and Laterality on Tinnitus Characteristics.

Background: Both clinical experience and clinical studies suggest a relationship between tinnitus and headache. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of comorbid headache type and headache laterality on tinnitus characteristics.

Method: The Tinnitus Research Initiative database was screened for patients of the Tinnitus Center of the University Regensburg who reported comorbid headaches.

Effect of probiotics on vaginal health in pregnancy. EFFPRO, a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Preterm delivery is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and death. It often results from chorioamnionitis, which is a complication of bacterial vaginosis. Probiotics are effective in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women who were not pregnant; studies in pregnant woman are missing.

Tinnitus and Headache.

Background: Tinnitus and headache are frequent disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of headache among tinnitus patients is purely coincidental or whether tinnitus and headache are pathophysiologically linked. We investigated a large sample of patients with tinnitus and headache to estimate prevalence rates of different headache forms, to determine the relationship between tinnitus laterality and headache laterality, and to explore the relationship between tinnitus and headache over time.