SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers Despite the Use of Surgical Masks and Physical Distancing-the Role of Airborne Transmission.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly via respiratory droplets. A key question in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is whether SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted via the airborne route as well. We report for the first time SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infections despite using surgical masks and physical distancing.

Cervical Discitis in Children.

Cervical discitis, though rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of torticollis, neck pain and neurodevelopmental regression in motor skills in children and infants. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic method of choice. Treatment should be conservative with antibiotics only.

Mutant adenosine deaminase 2 in a polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy.

Background: Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis with a pathogenesis that is poorly understood. We identified six families with multiple cases of systemic and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. In most cases, onset of the disease occurred during childhood.

Reduced bone density in patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder . It has been recognized as a multisystem disorder and is characterized by both immunologic and non-immunologic manifestations. Possible bone involvement in autosomal dominant HIES include fractures, scoliosis, cystic bone changes, and osteopenia.

Effect of instruction on the ability to use a self-administered epinephrine injector.

Background: Patients with allergy as well as their parents frequently fail to use the self-administered epinephrine injection (EpiPen) properly in cases of allergic emergencies.

Objectives: To determine the benefit of an instruction session with follow-up instruction.

Methods: We evaluated 141 patients aged 1.

Dexamethasone therapy for septic arthritis in children: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Background: We evaluated the effect of adding dexamethasone to antibiotic therapy in the clinical course of septic arthritis in children.

Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed. The study group included 49 children with septicarthritis.

Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis in a child treated with sulthiame.

Objectives: To report on severe acid-base disturbance in a child with symptomatic epilepsy treated with sulthiame.

Results: A 9.5-year-old boy with chronic generalized tonic-clonic seizures was treated with carbamazepine and valproic acid.

Selective IgA deficiency in children in Israel.

IgA deficiency is the most common human primary immune-deficiency. We evaluated the clinical and immunological characteristics of selective IgA deficiency in children in Israel. The study group included 63 children diagnosed with IgA deficiency from 1987 to 2005.

The September epidemic of asthma in Israel.

Background: The seasonality of asthma morbidity is well recognized. A peak in asthma exacerbations in September has been noted for years at our center.

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that the increment in asthma exacerbations in September is influenced by the beginning of the kindergarten and school year.

Periorbital cellulitis in the era of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine: predisposing factors and etiologic agents in hospitalized children.

Purpose: The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) infection, once the most common cause of periorbital cellulitis, declined dramatically after the introduction of HIB vaccine in 1990. The aim of the current study was to determine the predisposing factors and agents in the pathogenesis of periorbital cellulitis in hospitalized children in the post-HIB vaccination era.

Methods: Children with clinical findings of periorbital inflammation who were hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Israel in 2000-2001 were observed prospectively.

Asplenia and functional hyposplenism in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.

Asplenia was diagnosed in four patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-I (APS-I): two children, aged 2-4 years, from the same family and two adults, the father of the two children and his cousin. We have observed a worsening in splenic function in the children during a follow-up of a few years. Patients with APS-I should be evaluated for splenic function, since splenic dysfunction has important therapeutic implications, especially in children.

Acute intermittent porphyria, Rasmussen encephalitis, or both?

A case of a young woman who suffers from refractory epilepsy in the form of Rasmussen encephalitis and acute intermittent porphyria is presented. The patient developed refractory partial seizures with progressive hemispheric atrophy in the first decade. Both her serum and cerebrospinal fluid contained significantly elevated levels of anti-GluR3B antibodies.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy associated with herpes simplex type 1 stomatitis.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a benign leukocytoclastic vasculitis occurring in children younger than 2 years. The etiology is unknown. Viral or bacterial infections, immunizations, and the use of several medications, mainly antibiotics, may be involved in the pathogenesis.

Facial paralysis as a presenting symptom of leukemia.

Facial paralysis may occur as a complication of central nervous system leukemias in children, but it is rarely a presenting symptom. This report describes an 8-month-old child who presented with peripheral facial palsy, failure to thrive, anemia, and otitis media. Antibiotic and steroid treatment led to an improvement in the clinical condition, but not the paralysis.

Endocarditis after closure of ventricular septal defect by transcatheter device.

Advances in interventional cardiology have enabled the treatment of severe congenital heart defects without the need for surgery. The percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects and, more recently, ventricular septal defects is considered a safe procedure with fewer complications and less morbidity compared with surgery. We report on a 2-year-old child who developed endocarditis after ventricular septal defect closure with an Amplatzer device.

Survey of tuberculin skin test positivity among Israeli pediatric hospital workers.

Tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed in 374 healthcare workers. TST results of induration of 10 mm or more and 20 mm or more were noted in 44.9% and 10.

Adenovirus infection in hospitalized immunocompetent children.

This study investigated the clinical features of immunocompetent children with adenovirus infection requiring hospitalization. The files of 78 children (mean age 17 +/- 10 months) with community-acquired adenovirus infection admitted over a 2-year period were reviewed. The children were referred after 5.

Heat stroke in familial dysautonomia.

A 14-month-old female with familial dysautonomia was referred to the pediatric department with high fever (41.6 degrees C), watery diarrhea, and vomiting. A few hours later, signs of encephalopathy appeared.