ABC score: a new risk score that accurately predicts mortality in acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an international multicentre study.

Objectives: Existing scores are not accurate at predicting mortality in upper (UGIB) and lower (LGIB) gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to develop and validate a new pre-endoscopy score for predicting mortality in both UGIB and LGIB.

Design And Setting: International cohort study.

Autoimmune smoke and fire--coexisting rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional analysis.

To assess the association between RA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a population-based case-control study. A cross-sectional analysis performed utilizing the database of Clalit Health Services, the largest healthcare provider organization in Israel. Patients over the age of 20 years who were diagnosed with RA ('cases') and who were treated with any anti-rheumatic drug were compared with a sample of age- and gender-matched enrollees ('controls') without regard for the prevalence of COPD.