Three-dimensional evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A 2-3 year post-operative follow-up.

Objectives: The present study aims to quantitatively assess secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) resorption in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) patients in a 2-3 year longitudinal follow-up setting by using a validated 3D protocol. Furthermore, the potential relation of SABG resorption with maxillary canine position and a number of patient-related factors was investigated.

Methods: UCLAP patients who underwent SABG and had good quality CBCT images at the following timepoints were included in the study: pre-operative (T0), immediate (T1), 6 months (T2) and either 1-2 years (T3) or 2-3 years (T4) post-operative.

Risk factors for orthodontic fixed retention failure: A retrospective controlled study.

Objective: : To investigate the potential correlation between fixed orthodontic retention failure and several patient- and treatment-related factors.

Methods: : Patients finishing treatment with fixed appliances between 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively included in this study. Those not showing fixed retention failure were considered as control group.

Relation between Maximum Oral Muscle Pressure and Dentoalveolar Characteristics in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Background: Perioral muscle function, which influences maxillofacial growth and tooth position, can be affected in patients with oral clefts due to their inherent anatomical characteristics and the multiple surgical corrections performed. This research aims to (1) compare the maximum oral muscle pressure of subjects with and without isolated cleft palate (CP) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), (2) investigate its influence on their dentoalveolar characteristics, and (3) investigate the influence of functional habits on the maximum oral muscle pressure in patients with and without cleft.

Material And Methods: Subjects with and without CP and UCLP seeking treatment at the Department of Orthodontics of University Hospitals Leuven between January 2021 and August 2022 were invited to participate.

Performance of the Malmgren Index for Assessing Root Resorption on 2D vs. 3D Radiographs: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: To compare the performance of the Malmgren index on 2D and 3D radiographs.

Methods: Patients with a panoramic radiograph and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) taken at an interval of <3 months and presenting root resorption (RR) on at least one incisor and/or canine were retrospectively included. RR was scored twice by two observers using the Malmgren index in both the 2D and 3D sets, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.

Third molar position after completion of orthodontic treatment: a prospective follow-up.

Objectives: To prospectively follow up a previously reported sample, analyzing (1) changes in third molar (M3) position after completion of 2 different types of orthodontic treatment: (2) non-extraction treatment with (HG) without cervical headgear (non-HG) and (3) first or second premolar extractions (PM1-2) compared to a non-extraction group (NE).

Methods: A total of 474 patients were prospectively followed up. Panoramic radiographs were taken pre- (T1), post-treatment (T2) and at follow-up (T3).

The use of blended learning in postgraduate education in orthodontics: student versus teacher perception.

Objective: To investigate the use of blended learning (BL) in Postgraduate Education in Orthodontics.

Methods: A self-developed online questionnaire was sent to 244 teaching staff members of the European Orthodontic Departments. They were asked to answer it and share it with their postgraduate students.

Validation of a 3D methodology for the evaluation and follow-up of secondary alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to propose and validate a method for three-dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) and its stability in time for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Settings And Sample Population: Ten non-syndromic UCLP patients (9 males and 1 female with a mean age of 9.5 ± 0.

Determination of craniofacial and dental characteristics of individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome by using 3D facial scans and radiographs.

Background: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7q11-23 and clusters a variety of systemic affectations.

Aim: To investigate whether 3D facial scans can detect WBS by objectively addressing their craniofacial, skeletal and dental characteristics, compared with those of a non-affected control group.

Materials And Methods: 3D facial surface scans of 17 WBS individuals and 33 normal developing patients were analysed.

Self-Esteem and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life within a Cleft Lip and/or Palate Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.

(1) Objective: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem (SE) of a population with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to compare it with a non-affected control cohort. (2) Materials and methods: This study comprised 91 CLP patients and a control group of 790 individuals, seeking orthodontic treatment. OHRQoL and SE were assessed by the Child's Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Dutch adaptation of the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents.

Dental and Craniofacial Characteristics in Patients With 14Q22.1-Q22.2 Deletion: A Case Series.

This case series is a follow-up report focusing on dental and facial characteristics in patients with a rare microdeletion in chromosome 14q22.1-q22.2.

Dental development in patients with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP): a case control study.

Objective: To evaluate if the presence of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) causes delay in dental age and tooth development.

Materials And Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 189 non-syndromic UCLP patients, aged from 6 to 20 years, were collected. Two measures of tooth development were examined: dental maturity scale for the seven left mandibular teeth (dental age-DA) and the degree of each tooth development (developmental score-DS).

Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs.

Objectives: The objective of this article is to establish a large sample-based prediction model for maxillary canine impaction based on linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs and to validate this model.

Materials And Methods: All patients with at least two panoramic radiographs taken between the ages of 7 and 14 years with an interval of minimum 1 year and maximum 3 years (T1 and T2) were selected from the Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospital Leuven database. Linear and angular measurements were performed at T1.

The evolution of self-esteem before, during and after orthodontic treatment in adolescents with dental malocclusion, a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed (1) to investigate the evolution of self-esteem through orthodontic treatment, and (2) to study how key demographic factors would affect these evolutions and to assess relationships between self-esteem and orthodontic treatment need.

Methods: This longitudinal prospective cohort study comprised of 326 adolescents (172 girls and 154 boys) aged 11-16 years; data were obtained from 325 adolescents at T0 and 123 at T2. Three hundred twenty-one adolescents filled in questionnaires at T0, whereas 118 at T2.

Dental development in cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review.

Objective: To investigate a potential delay in dental development in cleft patients compared with non-cleft patients.

Search Methods: An unlimited electronic search was performed in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Lilacs and OpenGrey), from inception until October 2018. Full text articles concerning dental development or tooth eruption of non-syndromic children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL(P)) were included and reviewed.

Difference and relation between adolescents' and their parents or caregivers' reported oral health-related quality of life related to orthodontic treatment: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Parents/caregivers play an important role in deciding whether their children will undergo orthodontic treatment or not. Their perceptions also have an influence on other choices involving orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference and correlation between the ratings given by children and their parents or caregivers on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before, during and after orthodontic treatment.

Associated parameters of canine impaction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate after secondary alveolar bone grafting: a retrospective study.

Objectives: To compare parameters related to impacted canines at the cleft versus the normal contralateral side and with non-impacted canines at the cleft side in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. We also aim to search for possible associated parameters enabling prediction of canine impaction in these patients.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five non-syndromic UCLP patients were included and divided into group A (n = 41 patients) with unilateral impacted canines at the cleft side (A1) and spontaneously erupted canines at the non-cleft side (A2) and group B with spontaneously erupted canines at the cleft side (n = 54 patients).

An optimized imaging protocol for orofacial cleft patients.

The objective was to present an optimized imaging protocol for orofacial cleft (OFC) patients, which might be used as an international recommendation for OFC care programs. The present radiological protocol has been structured by the OFC team of the University Hospitals Leuven based on a combined approach of clinical experience and scientific evidence. The development was based on careful monitoring of the existing needs for radiological diagnosis by the involved disciplines.

Three-dimensional radiological evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients: a systematic review.

Objectives: To systematically review the existing literature on the three-dimensional (3D) radiological evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, with specific interest in 3D imaging protocols and assessment methods.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Included publications concerned 3D imaging for evaluation of SABG in CLP patients while articles about primary or tertiary bone grafting or using of two-dimensional images only were excluded.

Reported changes in oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents before, during, and after orthodontic treatment: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: To investigate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before, during, and after orthodontic treatment, determine the relationship with the original treatment need and evaluate the influence of self-esteem (SE).

Materials And Methods: OHRQoL questionnaires were used in an ongoing observational prospective cohort study at baseline (T0), 1 year after start (T1), and 1 month after the end of active orthodontic treatment (T2). Participants were 11-16-year-old at baseline and 215 complete cases were obtained from a total of 498.

Three-dimensional imaging of soft and hard facial tissues in patients with craniofacial syndromes: a systematic review of methodological quality.

Objectives: To systematically review the methodological quality of three-dimensional imaging studies of patients with craniofacial syndromes and to propose recommendations for future research.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases as well as Grey literature were electronically searched. Inclusion criteria were patients with genetic syndromes with craniofacial manifestations and three-dimensional imaging of facial soft and/or hard tissues.

The effect of headgear on upper third molars: a retrospective longitudinal study.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of orthodontic non-extraction treatment with or without headgear on the position of and the space available for upper third molars in growing children with class II malocclusions.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 294 class II orthodontic patients; 160 were treated with headgear and 134 were treated without headgear. The space available for the upper third molar was measured on the lateral cephalogram as the distance from pterygoid vertical (PTV) to the distal surface of the upper first molar crown (PTV-M1).

Cephalometric appraisal of Class II treatment effects after functional and fixed appliances: a retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the dental, skeletal, and profile changes after functional appliances and subsequent fixed appliances treatment in order to quantify their effect and evaluate the influence of initial incisal inclination and growth pattern.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cephalometric analysis was performed in 125 patients (77 females and 48 males). Three lateral cephalograms per patient were available: before treatment (T0, mean age 11.

Genotypic and phenotypic variation in six patients with solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome.

Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor occurs in 1 of 50,000 live births. It is the mildest manifestation of the holoprosencephaly spectrum and is genetically heterogeneous. Here we report six patients with solitary median maxillary central incisor, and a range of other phenotypic anomalies with different degrees of severity, varying from mild signs of holoprosencephaly to associated intellectual disability, and with different genetic background.

Orthodontic and orthognathic management of a patient with Apert syndrome: a case report.

This case report describes the combined orthodontic and orthognathic management of a 14-year-old girl affected with Apert syndrome. She presented with a severe Class III skeletal relationship, midfacial hypoplasia and an large anterior open bite. Intraorally, she had severe crowding, a narrow maxilla and lateral posterior crossbites.

Treatment protocol for unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: questioned by two case reports.

Background: The types and severity of clefts as well as palatal development and growth in children with repaired cleft lip and palate deformities can vary greatly. Independent of the technique used surgery produces scar tissue, which restricts palatal growth so that by the second decade many patients have an underdeveloped maxilla. Experience has shown that the maxillary retrognathism found in many cleft patients is not amenable to nonsurgical correction.