Evaluation of antibiotic treatment initiation and duration practices in primary care. Cross-sectional study in two French multi-professional health centers.

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant human and economic burden. In France, which ranks among the highest consumers of antibiotics in Europe, 93% of prescriptions are issued in primary care, primarily for respiratory tract infections. It is crucial to limit both the indications and the duration of antibiotic prescriptions, with recently updated recommendations in France aimed at achieving this goal.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of daptomycin administered subcutaneously in healthy volunteers: a single-blinded randomized crossover trial.

Background: Daptomycin stands as a key IV antibiotic in treating MRSA infections. However, patients facing challenges with difficult venous access require alternative administration routes. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and safety of subcutaneous (SC) daptomycin.

Excessive prescription duration is a major contributor of inappropriate antibiotic use in primary care.

Objectives: In France, 75% of systemic antibiotics are prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) in primary care. We aimed to estimate the burden of inappropriate use related to excessive prescription duration.

Patients And Methods: In 2021, we performed a cross-sectional and pharmaco-economic study of a network of six GPs.

Serum and Salivary IgG and IgA Response After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination.

Importance: There is still considerable controversy in the literature regarding the capacity of intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination to induce a mucosal immune response.

Objective: To compare serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels among mRNA-vaccinated individuals with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2-naive participants and those with previous infection were consecutively included in the CoviCompare P and CoviCompare M mRNA vaccination trials and followed up to day 180 after vaccination with either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine at the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (from February 19 to June 8, 2021) in France.

Late delivery of antibiotics: a new proxy for antimicrobial stewardship?

Objectives: To analyse the time elapsed between the prescription of antibiotics and their pick-up at the pharmacy and identify their determinants.

Methods: We used the National Health Insurance reimbursement databases on antibiotics delivery in 2021 in La Manche, Western France. Delayed delivery was defined as the time between prescription and antibiotic pick-up of >24 hours.

Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurologic and viscerotropic disease: a 10-year case series of the French National Reference Center for Arboviruses with clinical and immunological insights.

Background: Immunization against the Yellow fever virus (YFV) with the 17D live-attenuated vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the disease. However, unexpected severe adverse events can occur. They consist in a neurological impairment - neurological disease (YEL-AND), a YF-like illness - viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) or anaphylaxis.

Interest in the combination of antimicrobial therapy for orthopaedic device-related infections due to Enterococcus spp.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of orthopaedic device-related infections (ODRIs) due to Enterococcus spp.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in a French tertiary university hospital. Patients with prosthetic joint- or osteosynthesis-associated infections caused by enterococci from 2013 to 2020 were included.

Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants following mRNA booster vaccination in adults older than 65 years.

Immune response induced by COVID-19 vaccine booster against delta and omicron variants was assessed in 65 adults (65-84 years old) early aftesr a first booster dose. An increase in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was shown in individuals not previously infected without evidence of an age-related effect, with lower increase in those infected before a single dose of primary vaccination. Of note, humoral response was observed only starting from the 5th day after the boost.

Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Without HIV: Case Series of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Literature Review.

Background: infection is rare and can occur in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods: We describe 2 cases of infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and we performed a literature review of immunocompromised patients without HIV.

Results: Fifty-two cases are reported.

endocarditis on aortic bioprosthesis: A case report.

is a Gram-negative bacillus and an unusual cause of endocarditis. We report the first case of a 74-year-old woman who developed a endocarditis on an aortic bioprosthesis. Case of a 74-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C who developed a endocarditis on an aortic bioprosthesis in the weeks following an infective diarrhea with bacteremia.

Transgenic zebrafish larvae as a non-rodent alternative model to assess pro-inflammatory (neutrophil) responses to nanomaterials.

Hazard studies for nanomaterials (NMs) commonly assess whether they activate an inflammatory response. Such assessments often rely on rodents, but alternative models are needed to support the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Zebrafish () offer a viable alternative for screening NM toxicity by investigating inflammatory responses.

Association between Following the ESCMID Guidelines for the Management of Candidemia and Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between ESCMID adherence and 30-day mortality in candidemia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in two French tertiary-care hospitals. All patients with at least one positive blood culture (BC) for spp.

The application of existing genotoxicity methodologies for grouping of nanomaterials: towards an integrated approach to testing and assessment.

The incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs) in consumer products has proven to be highly valuable in many sectors. Unfortunately, however, the same nano specific physicochemical properties, which make these material attractive, might also contribute to hazards for people exposed to these materials. The physicochemical properties of NMs will impact their interaction with biological surroundings and influence their fate and their potential adverse effects such as genotoxicity.

Reactogenicity among health care workers following a BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 second dose after priming with a ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine.

Objectives: In March 2021, French authorities recommended a heterologous second dose of the mRNA vaccine for persons aged <55 years, with administration 9 to 12 weeks after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. This recommendation was despite a lack of data on the reactogenicity and safety of the regimen. Since then, several studies have shown an acceptable short-term safety profile of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 heterologous vaccination, although some transient increased reactogenicity has been described.

Medicosurgical management of deep wound infections after thoracolumbar instrumentation: risk factors of poor outcomes.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) after thoracolumbar osteosynthesis is a common complication. Its management relies on surgical revision and antibiotic therapy, but treatment failure is not uncommon. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of SSI management failure and its risk factors.

Forgiveness of Dolutegravir-Based Triple Therapy Compared With Older Antiretroviral Regimens: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Adherence Patterns and HIV-RNA Replication.

Background: For many people with HIV (PWH), taking antiretroviral therapy (ARV) every day is difficult.

Methods: Average adherence (Av-Adh) and log-transformed treatment interruption (TI) to ARV were prospectively measured over 6 months using electronic drug monitoring (EDM) in several cohorts of PWH. Multivariate linear regression models including baseline confounders explored the influence of EDM-defined adherence ( ) on 6-month log HIV-RNA.

Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine on nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load burden amongst outpatients with COVID-19: A pilot, randomized, open-label phase 2 trial.

Background: Tenofovir and emtricitabine interfere with the SARS CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Several cohorts reported that people treated by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine are less likely to develop SARS CoV-2 infection and related severe COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized, open-label, controlled, phase 2 trial at two hospitals in France.

Tolerance of BNT162b2 mRNA COVI-19 vaccine in patients with a medical history of COVID-19 disease: A case control study.

Introduction: Studies evaluating BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety excluded subjects with a previous history of COVID-19 infection. The aim of our study was to focus on the tolerance of this vaccine this population.

Methods: An anonymous self-reporting survey related to safety and tolerance of vaccine was completed by subjects 21 to 28 days after the first vaccine dose in two vaccination centers.