Vitamin B uptake across the mycobacterial outer membrane is influenced by membrane permeability in .

Vitamin B (B) serves as a critical cofactor within mycobacterial metabolism. While some pathogenic strains can synthesize B , others rely on host-acquired B. In this investigation, we studied the transport of vitamin B in using B-auxotrophic and B-sensitive strains by deleting or , respectively.

Patella related problems as common reason for revision of NexGen PS® total knee arthroplasty without patella resurfacing: An analysis of 5911 primary total knee arthroplasties registered in the Dutch Arthroplasty Register.

Background: Patella resurfacing remains controversial in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).The aim of this study was to investigate if there was a difference in revision rate and reason for revision within 8 years after single brand primary cemented TKA with or without patella resurfacing, using data from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register.

Methods: All primary TKA surgeries with a posterior stabilized cemented primary NexGen®, between 2010 and 2013 with diagnosis osteoarthritis were analyzed (n = 5911).

Heterologous Expression of and in Mycobacterium marinum Enables the Rapid Identification of New Prodrugs Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Screening strategies for antituberculosis compounds using are time consuming and require biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facilities, which makes the development of high-throughput assays difficult and expensive. , a close genetic relative of , possesses several advantages as a suitable model for tuberculosis drug screening. However, despite the high genetic similarity, there are some obvious differences in susceptibility to some tuberculosis drugs between these two species, especially for the prodrugs ethionamide and isoniazid.

Quantification of Natural Growth of Two Strains of Mycobacterium Marinum for Translational Antituberculosis Drug Development.

The zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is an attractive tuberculosis disease model, showing similar pathogenesis to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infections in humans.

A transgenic zebrafish model for the study of the blood and choroid plexus brain barriers using .

The central nervous system (CNS) has specific barriers that protect the brain from potential threats and tightly regulate molecular transport. Despite the critical functions of the CNS barriers, the mechanisms underlying their development and function are not well understood, and there are very limited experimental models for their study. Claudin 5 is a tight junction protein required for blood brain barrier (BBB) and, probably, choroid plexus (CP) structure and function in vertebrates.

A fluorescence-based reporter for monitoring expression of mycobacterial cytochrome bd in response to antibacterials and during infection.

Cytochrome bd is a component of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Next to its role as a terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain this enzyme plays an important role as a survival factor in the bacterial stress response. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related mycobacterial strains, cytochrome bd is an important component of the defense system against antibacterial drugs.

Inorganic Phosphate Limitation Modulates Capsular Polysaccharide Composition in Mycobacteria.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is protected by an unusual and highly impermeable cell envelope that is critically important for the successful colonization of the host. The outermost surface of this cell envelope is formed by capsular polysaccharides that play an important role in modulating the initial interactions once the bacillus enters the body. Although the bioenzymatic steps involved in the production of the capsular polysaccharides are emerging, information regarding the ability of the bacterium to modulate the composition of the capsule is still unknown.

Genomic expression catalogue of a global collection of BCG vaccine strains show evidence for highly diverged metabolic and cell-wall adaptations.

Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines against tuberculosis have been available for more than 90 years, their effectiveness has been hindered by variable protective efficacy and a lack of lasting memory responses. One factor contributing to this variability may be the diversity of the BCG strains that are used around the world, in part from genomic changes accumulated during vaccine production and their resulting differences in gene expression. We have compared the genomes and transcriptomes of a global collection of fourteen of the most widely used BCG strains at single base-pair resolution.

Mannan core branching of lipo(arabino)mannan is required for mycobacterial virulence in the context of innate immunity.

The causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains an important worldwide health threat. Although TB is one of the oldest infectious diseases of man, a detailed understanding of the mycobacterial mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we studied the role of the α(1→2) mannosyltransferase MptC in mycobacterial virulence, using the Mycobacterium marinum zebrafish infection model.

PPE and PE_PGRS proteins of Mycobacterium marinum are transported via the type VII secretion system ESX-5.

ESX-5 is one of the five type VII secretion systems found in mycobacteria. These secretion systems are also known as ESAT-6-like secretion systems. Here, we have determined the secretome of ESX-5 by a proteomic approach in two different strains of Mycobacterium marinum.

A specific secretion system mediates PPE41 transport in pathogenic mycobacteria.

Mycobacterial genomes contain two unique gene families, the so-called PE and PPE gene families, which are highly expanded in the pathogenic members of this genus. Here we report that one of the PPE proteins, i.e.

Molecular patchwork: Chromosomal recombination between two Helicobacter pylori strains during natural colonization.

Genetic analysis of two Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a single gastric biopsy showed evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer. Several large recombinations were identified in the rdxA gene, which is involved in metronidazole resistance.

Phase variation in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide due to changes in the lengths of poly(C) tracts in alpha3-fucosyltransferase genes.

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Helicobacter pylori expresses the Lewis x (Lex) and/or Ley antigen. We have shown previously that H. pylori LPS displays phase variation whereby an Lex-positive strain yields variants with different LPS serotypes, for example, Lex plus Ley or nonfucosylated polylactosamine.

Phase variation in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide.

Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expresses the human blood group antigen Lewis x (Le(x)) in a polymeric form. Le(x) is beta-D-galactose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucose-(1-3)]-beta-D-acetylglucosamine. Schematically the LPS structure is (Le(x))n-core-lipid A.

Mechanisms of resistance to piperacillin of Enterobacter cloacae strains differ by antibiotic prescription policy.

During a study of piperacillin resistance among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, 18 resistant strains of Enterobacter cloacae were obtained from a General Hospital in Rotterdam and 13 from a University Hospital in Amsterdam. The patterns of antibiotic susceptibilities were different: the Amsterdam strains were generally resistant to penicillins, the third generation cephalosporins and temocillin, whereas the Rotterdam strains were more often sensitive to the third generation cephalosporins and temocillin but more resistant to penicillins. Isoelectric focusing and substrate profiles showed the presence of chromosomal Class 1 beta-lactamase in ten of the Amsterdam strains: in three strains a plasmid mediated TEM-1 enzyme was detected.

Typing of Helicobacter pylori with monoclonal antibodies against Lewis antigens in lipopolysaccharide.

Recently, it has been shown that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen of Helicobacter pylori contains Lewis x (Lex), Lewis y (Ley), or both Lex and Ley antigens. We applied a serotyping method for H. pylori by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for these antigens and the related fucosylated H type 1 (H1) antigen.

Potential role of molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and host Lewis blood group antigens in autoimmunity.

Helicobacter pylori is involved in gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Earlier studies already suggested a role for autoimmune phenomena in H. pylori-linked disease.

In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to several antimicrobial combinations.

Synergy between metronidazole and its hydroxymetabolite and between each compound and amoxicillin or tetracycline-HCl was determined against Helicobacter pylori. Metronidazole plus its hydroxymetabolite and either compound combined with amoxicillin showed synergism against all 10 strains of H. pylori tested.