Seroprevalence of neuronal antibodies in diseases mimicking autoimmune encephalitis.

Detection of neuronal antibodies for autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes relies on commercially available cell-based assays and lineblots. However, lineblots may reveal the presence of neuronal antibodies in patients with various non-autoimmune etiologies. Herein we describe patients with non-autoimmune etiologies (cohort B) and detectable neuronal antibodies and compare them to definite cases of autoimmune encephalitis (cohort A) for differences in clinical data.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is superior to alemtuzumab in patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis and severe disability.

Objective: To assess the differences of treatment outcomes regarding disease activity in patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or alemtuzumab (ATZ).

Methods: Open-label prospective single-center observational cohort study, enrolling patients with highly active RMS for treatment with ATZ or HSCT between 2014 and 2021.

Results: A total of 50 patients (31/50 (62 %) in HSCT vs 19/50 (38 %) in ATZ group) were included.