Correction: The effect of single and repeated doses of rivastigmine on gastric myoelectric activity in experimental pigs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Czech Honeydew Honeys-A Potential Source of Local Medical Honey with Strong Antimicrobial Activity.

An increasing resistance of microbes to antibiotics, the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant strains, and the long time needed to develop new antibiotics are driving the search for additional sources of antibacterial agents. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Czech honeys with already available pharmaceutical agents containing medicinal honey, and to perform basic biochemical analysis of Czech samples, including detection of undesirable chemical substances. The results showed strong antibacterial activity of Czech honeydew honeys compared to the control group, especially against G+ pathogens, with an average MIC of 9.

Impact of anesthetics on rat hippocampus and neocortex: A comprehensive proteomic study based on label-free mass spectrometry.

Anesthesia is regarded as an important milestone in medicine. However, the negative effect on memory and learning has been observed. In addition, the impact of anesthetics on postoperative cognitive functions is still discussed.

Nasal Immunization Using Chitosan Nanoparticles with Glycoprotein B of Murine Cytomegalovirus.

The use of nanoparticles as a delivery system for a specific antigen could solve many limitations of mucosal vaccine applications, such as low immunogenicity, or antigen protection and stabilization. In this study, we tested the ability of nasally administered chitosan nanoparticles loaded with glycoprotein B of murine cytomegalovirus to induce an immune response in an animal model. The choice of chitosan nanoparticle type was made by in vitro evaluation of sorption efficiency and antigen release.

Modulation of the capillary leakage by exogenous albumin in a rat model of endothelial glycocalyx damage.

Background: Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a crucial role in maintaining the plasma proteins within the intravascular space.

Objective: We studied whether exogenous albumin protects the EG in an experimental model of EG enzymatic damage in rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals that received (1) Evans blue (2) Evans blue + hyaluronidase, or (3) Evans blue + hyaluronidase + 20% human albumin via the tail vein.

Protection of the endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx by hydrogen against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

Background: Hydrogen is a potent antioxidant agent that can easily be administered by inhalation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether hydrogen protects the endothelial glycocalyx layer after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Methods: Fourteen anesthetized pigs underwent CPR after induced ventricular fibrillation.

Wireless Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Intra-luminal pH, Pressure and Temperature in Experimental Pigs: A Pilot Study.

Background: There is no single gold standard for investigation of gastrointestinal motility function. Wireless motility monitoring involves a novel concept which provides a complex information on gastrointestinal function (gastrointestinal transit time, intra-luminal pH, pressure and temperature). Gastrointestinal motility functions of experimental pigs are very similar to those of humans.

Lipid emulsions prevent postoperative abdominal adhesions.

Introduction: Adhesions are the most common cause of long-term morbidity after abdominal surgery and most often cause various forms of intestinal passage disorders ranging from partial obstruction to complete, life-threatening intestinal obstruction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of intraperitoneally administered lipid emulsions on the formation of adhesions in larger animal model, as the lubricating effect of phospholipids and the mechanical barrier of the lipid component are combined with the anti-inflammatory effect of fish oil.

Methods: Thirty-one female domestic pigs were randomly divided into three groups.

The Effect of Lactobacillus casei on Experimental Porcine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulphate.

Background: Gastrointestinal injury caused by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) is a reliable porcine experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN 114001 (LC) on DSS-induced experimental IBD.

Results: Eighteen female pigs (Sus scrofa f.

Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury Further Aggravates the Impact of Galantamine on the Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs.

Galantamine has been used as a treatment for Alzheimer disease. It has a unique, dual mode of action (inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). Nausea (in about 20%), vomiting (10%) and diarrhoea (5-7%) are the most common side effects.

Strong Antimicrobial and Healing Effects of Beta-Acids from Hops in Methicillin-Resistant -Infected External Wounds In Vivo.

() is an important causative agent of wound infections with increasing incidence in the past decades. Specifically, the emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) causes serious problems, especially in nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop of alternative or supportive antimicrobial therapeutic modalities to meet these challenges.

The Impact of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Donepezil and Its Active Metabolite 6--desmethyldonepezil, and Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs.

Gastrointestinal side effects of donepezil, including dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, occur in 20-30% of patients. The pathogenesis of these dysmotility associated disorders has not been fully clarified yet. Pharmacokinetic parameters of donepezil and its active metabolite 6--desmethyldonepezil were investigated in experimental pigs with and without small intestinal injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).

Strong Antimicrobial Effects of Xanthohumol and Beta-Acids from Hops against Infection In Vivo.

() is an important causative pathogen of nosocomial gastrointestinal infections in humans with an increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The available treatment options against this pathogen are limited. The standard antibiotics are expensive, can promote emerging resistance, and the recurrence rate of the infection is high.

Lung Collapse during Mini-Thoracotomy Reduces Penetration of Cefuroxime to the Tissue: Interstitial Microdialysis Study in Animal Models.

Single-lung ventilation facilitates surgical exposure during minimally invasive cardiac surgery. However, a deeper knowledge of antibiotic distribution within a collapsed lung is necessary for effective antibiotic prophylaxis of pneumonia. The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of cefuroxime were compared between the plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) of collapsed and ventilated lungs in 10 anesthetized pigs, which were ventilated through a double-lumen endotracheal cannula.

Inhalation of molecular hydrogen prevents ischemia-reperfusion liver damage during major liver resection.

Background: Liver resection is a surgical procedure associated with a high risk of hepatic failure that can be fatal. One of the key mechanisms involves ischemia-reperfusion damage. Building on the well-known positive effects of hydrogen at mitigating this damage, the goal of this work was to demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of inhaled hydrogen in domestic pigs during major liver resection.

The pharmacokinetic parameters and the effect of a single and repeated doses of memantine on gastric myoelectric activity in experimental pigs.

Background: Memantine, currently available for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, is an uncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors. Under normal physiologic conditions, these unstimulated receptor ion channels are blocked by magnesium ions, which are displaced after agonist-induced depolarization. In humans, memantine administration is associated with different gastrointestinal dysmotility side effects (vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, motor-mediated abdominal pain), thus limiting its clinical use.

Use of a new pneumatic system to support capillary microperfusion in surgical wound healing: an animal model.

Objective: To test the efficacy of the a developed medical device, based on the principle of mechanical support of capillary microperfusion.

Method: In this pilot study involving experimental animals, each pig had two standardised surgical wounds. A cuff that delivered pneumatic three-second micropulses was applied to the wound designated as the 'experimental wound'.

In vivo testing of a bioresorbable phosphate-based optical fiber.

Optical fibers have recently attracted a noticeable interest for biomedical applications because they provide a minimally invasive method for in vivo sensing, imaging techniques, deep-tissue photodynamic therapy or optogenetics. The silica optical fibers are the most commonly used because they offer excellent optical properties, and they are readily available at a reasonable price. The fused silica is a biocompatible material, but it is not bioresorbable so it does not decompose in the body and the fibers must be ex-planted after in vivo use and their fragments can present a considerable risk to the patient when the fiber breaks.

Effect of acute hypernatremia induced by hypertonic saline administration on endothelial glycocalyx in rabbits.

Background And Objective: The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is fragile and sensitive to damage such as exposure to hypernatremia. Our aim was to describe the influence of hypernatremia on the EG in sublingual and brain microcirculation in rabbits.

Methods: Hypernatremia was induced by intravenous administration of 10% NaCl solution.

The Effect of Fluid Loading and Hypertonic Saline Solution on Cortical Cerebral Microcirculation and Glycocalyx Integrity.

Background: Fluid loading and hyperosmolar solutions can modify the cortical brain microcirculation and the endothelial glycocalyx (EG). This study compared the short-term effects of liberal fluid loading with a restrictive fluid intake followed by osmotherapy with hypertonic saline (HTS) on cerebral cortical microcirculation and EG integrity in a rabbit craniotomy model.

Methods: The experimental rabbits were allocated randomly to receive either <2 mL/kg/h (group R, n=14) or 30 mL/kg/h (group L, n=14) of balanced isotonic fluids for 1 hour.

The effect of three different surgical techniques for colon anastomosis on regional postoperative microperfusion: Laser Doppler Flowmetry study in pigs.

Background: The optimal surgical approach to reconnecting bowel ends safely after resection is of great importance.

Objectives: This project is focused on assessment of the perianastomotic microcirculation quality in the short postoperative period when using three different anastomosis techniques in experimental animal.

Methods: The experimental study involved 27 young female domestic pigs divided into three subgroups of 9 animals according to each surgical method of anastomosis construction in the sigmoid colon region: by manual suture, by stapler, or by gluing.

Pharmacokinetic profile of promising acetylcholinesterase reactivators K027 and K203 in experimental pigs.

Standard treatment of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) poisoning includes administration of an anti-muscarinic (atropine), anticonvulsive (diazepam) and acetylcholinesterase reactivator (oxime). From a wide group of newly synthesized oximes, oxime K027 and oxime K203 seem to be perspective compounds in some specific OPs intoxication. The available in vitro and in vivo preclinical data indicate that both oximes may be considered for potential human use.

Effects of Hypertonic Saline and Sodium Lactate on Cortical Cerebral Microcirculation and Brain Tissue Oxygenation.

Background: Hyperosmolar solutions have been used in neurosurgery to modify brain bulk. The aim of this animal study was to compare the short-term effects of equivolemic, equiosmolar solutions of hypertonic saline (HTS) and sodium lactate (HTL) on cerebral cortical microcirculation and brain tissue oxygenation in a rabbit craniotomy model.

Methods: Rabbits (weight, 1.

Oesophageal Manometry in Experimental Pigs: Methods and Initial Experience.

The aim of this study project was to prepare our own method of porcine oesophageal manometry. Ten mature experimental pigs entered the study. Conventional water-perfused system was decided for manometry.