Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Acetonic Extract from (var. Rose).

is an ornamental plant with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, which has been traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the acetonic extract of var. Rose (BxbRAE-100%) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and its potential action mechanisms.

Use of Medicinal Plants in the Process of Wound Healing: A Literature Review.

The literature on the use of medicinal plants in wound healing was comprehensively searched to obtain and assess the data. The data were procured via clinical studies that utilized medicinal plants and their compounds in vitro and in vivo for wound healing. This review collected data from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, Thesis, and Scopus, using the search terms "natural products", "wound healing", and "natural compounds", along with the keywords "plants", "extracts", and "phytochemicals".

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Cytoprotective and In Silico Study of Ethanolic Extracts of × (Var. Orange and Rose).

× is a plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine and other parts of the world for the treatment of various health disorders. In this study, the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of three ethanolic extracts of . × (BxbO (Orange), BxbR1 (Rose1) and BxbR2 (Rose2)) were investigated.

Characterization of pain-related behaviors, changes in bone microarchitecture and sensory innervation induced by chronic cadmium exposure in adult mice.

Because of the relative lack of understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that drive toxic effects of cadmium in bone, the purpose of this study was to characterize a preclinical model of chronic cadmium exposure. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to cadmium 25 mg/L (as CdCl) in drinking water for 16 weeks. During this time, pain-related behaviors including hindpaw mechanical sensitivity and vertical rears were evaluated every four weeks.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical training of last year medical students in Mexico: a cross-sectional nationwide study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented changes to medical education. However, no data are available regarding the impact the pandemic may have on medical training in Mexico. The aim of our study was to evaluate and identify the medical school students' perceptions of the changes in their clinical training due to the pandemic in Mexico.

Characterization of Mechanical Allodynia and Skin Innervation in a Mouse Model of Type-2 Diabetes Induced by Cafeteria-Style Diet and Low-Doses of Streptozotocin.

Painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DPN) is a frequent complication of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that commonly presents as neuropathic pain and loss of skin nerve fibers. However, there are limited therapies to effectively treat DPN and many of the current animal models of T2DM-induced DPN do not appear to mirror the human disease. Thus, we validated a DPN mouse model induced by a cafeteria-style diet plus low-doses of streptozotocin (STZ).

Chemical Compounds, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activity of : A Review.

This study investigates updated information in different search engines on the distribution, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of (Solanaceae) using the extracts or chemical compounds at present. This plant has been used in traditional medicine in different cultures as a hallucinatory, analgesic, aphrodisiac, nematicide, sleep inducer, and muscle relaxant, as well as a treatment for rheumatism, asthma, and inflammation. The flowers, fruits, stems, and roots of the plant are used, and different chemical compounds have been identified, such as alkaloids, volatile compounds (mainly terpenes), coumarins, flavonoids, steroids, and hydrocarbons.

Biochemical and immunochemical characterization of venoms from snakes of the genus .

In the present work, venoms from five species of the genus were evaluated in terms of their enzymatic (Phospholipase A and caseinolytic) and biological (edema forming, hemorrhagic, procoagulant and lethal) effects. Horses were used to produce monovalent hyperimmune sera against each of three venoms ( and ) and their neutralizing potency, expressed as Median Effective Dose (ED), was determined against the venoms of all five species. In terms of PLA and caseinolytic activities, all venoms are extremely homogeneous.

Development and Validation of Conditions for Extracting Flavonoids Content and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities from x Bracteas (var. Rose).

In this study the effect of the ethanol concentration of extracts on the flavonoids content, and its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities in vitro were determined and compared. For the elucidation of the chemical constituents, the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) was used, and verification of the antioxidant activity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method. The cytoprotective effects of extracts were determined by exposure to hydrogen peroxide.

Extract from (Variety Orange) Inhibits Production of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages and Exerts a Protective Effect .

Background: Different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, have been described among natural products. We previously described that the (Variety Orange) ethanolic extract (BxbO) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, this action is not fully understood. In this study, the action of the BxbO extract on the secretion of inflammatory mediators in two experimental models, and , after LPS challenge was evaluated.

: A Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biotechnology.

In this work, we explore the current knowledge about the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components characterized and isolated from the . Of the 15 species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies have focused on . These plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders.

Genus: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.

This review discusses the current knowledge of the phytochemistry and and evaluations carried out using the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components isolated from the genus . Out of 18 species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies focused on four species with different cultivars and one hybrid. Some plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders.

Comparison between Peritoneal Macrophage Activation by Extract and LPS and/or Interleukins.

Activation of macrophages may be one of the possible approaches in modulating inflammation. We previously reported that extract showed an immunomodulatory activity. Here we compare the activation of macrophages exposed to extract and compare it with the other treatments such as LPS, IL-4, and IL-10.

Characterization of Chemical Compounds with Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities in Bougainvillea x buttiana Holttum and Standl, (var. Rose) Extracts.

is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat several diseases. This study was designed to characterize the chemical constituents of extracts with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using different solvents. The extraction solvents used were as follows: distilled water (dH₂O), methanol (MeOH), acetone (DMK), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane (Hex) (100%) at an extraction temperature of 26 °C.

Preliminary Studies of the Immunomodulator Effect of the Bougainvillea xbuttiana Extract in a Mouse Model.

Bougainvillea xbuttiana is used as an analgesic in folk medicine in Mexico. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract from B. xbuttiana on macrophages activities.

Protective effect of thymic humoral factor on porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis and liver damage in Wistar rats.

Introduction: Immunomodulatory drugs have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Thymic humoral factor (THF), a peptide produced in the thymus, causes a potent immunomodulatory effect on different components of the immune system.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of THF on different stages of liver damage and fibrosis induced in rats through the administration of porcine serum (PS).

Scorpion venom and the inflammatory response.

Scorpion venoms consist of a complex of several toxins that exhibit a wide range of biological properties and actions, as well as chemical compositions, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. These venoms are associated with high morbility and mortality, especially among children. Victims of envenoming by a scorpion suffer a variety of pathologies, involving mainly both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation as well as central manifestations such as irritability, hyperthermia, vomiting, profuse salivation, tremor, and convulsion.

Toxin gamma from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom plays an essential role in immunomodulation of macrophages.

Fraction number II obtained from Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of the soluble venom from the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus (TSV) stimulates macrophage function in vitro. The aim of this study was to identify which one of the several components of this fraction was responsible for the main stimulatory activity on macrophages. This component was identified as sub-fraction II-11, also known by the name of gamma toxin or simply abbreviated Ts1, which stands for toxin 1 of T.

Balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice treated with Centruroides noxius scorpion venom.

CSV consists of a very complex of molecules and demonstrates significant cellular activities capable of stimulating immune functions in vivo. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of CSV on sex, weight, route of injection and the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice. The susceptibility and route of injection were analyzed by lethal (LD(50)) determination.

Crotalus durissus terrificus venom interferes with morphological, functional, and biochemical changes in murine macrophage.

Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt) is toxic for a variety of eukaryotic cells, especially at high concentrations. However its effects on host immune cells are not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cdt on functional status and the mediators production in peritoneal macrophages.

Immunomodulatory effects of the Tityus serrulatus venom on murine macrophage functions in vitro.

Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom (TSV) consists of a very complex mixture of molecules and demonstrates significant immunomodulatory activities capable of stimulating immune functions in vivo. The purpose of this study was to compare the crude TSV with fractionated toxins extracted from this venom in order to determine which toxin(s) presented immunomodulatory effects on peritoneal macrophages. TSV was fractionated using gel filtration chromatography resulting in 5 heterogeneous fractions.

Cytokine and nitric oxide production following severe envenomation.

Venom is a complex mixture of many substances such as toxins, enzymes, growth factor activators, and inhibitors are particularly responsible for the deleterious effects of cells. These constituents interact in the body with a large number of proteins and receptors, and this interaction determines the eventual inflammatory effect of the compounds. Envenomation by bees, scorpions, snakes, spiders and wasps involves the activation of the inflammatory response with the release and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, such as nitric oxide.

Inhibitory potential of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom on measles virus growth.

This paper presents the antiviral activity found in a snake with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt), studied by use of microplate inhibition assay, using measles virus (MV). Cdt at concentrations below 100 microg/ml showed no cytotoxicity for Vero cells. This study shows the optimal conditions for cell treatment and infection.

The dynamics of cytokine d nitric oxide secretion in mice injected with Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom.

Aims: The effects of Tityus serrulatus venom (TSV) were analysed with respect to the susceptibility of four isogenic mouse, the symptoms following injection of venom and the inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of severe envenomation induced in mice.

Methods: The susceptibility was analysed by lethal dose (LD50) determination, including the symptoms observed during envenomating and glucose levels. The detection of cytokines in serum from mice were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nitric oxide (NO) was analysed using nitrite determination.

Effect of Tityus serrulatus venom on cytokine production and the activity of murine macrophages.

THE purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tityus serrulatus venom (TSV) on murine peritoneal macrophages evaluated in terms of activation. The effects of crude TSV were analysed by detection of cytokines, oxygen intermediate metabolites (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in supernatants of peritoneal macrophages. Several functional bioassays were employed including an in vitro model for envenomating: cytotoxicity of TSV was assessed using the lyses percentage.