Integrated approaches to testing and assessment as a tool for the hazard assessment and risk characterization of cosmetic preservatives.

The safety assessment of cosmetic products is based on the safety of the ingredients, which requires information on chemical structures, toxicological profiles, and exposure data. Approximately 6% of the population is sensitized to cosmetic ingredients, especially preservatives and fragrances. In this context, the aim of this study was to perform a hazard assessment and risk characterization of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzyl alcohol (BA), caprylyl glycol (CG), ethylhexylglycerin (EG), chlorphenesin (CP), dehydroacetic acid (DHA), sodium dehydroacetate (SDH), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT), phenoxyethanol (PE), potassium sorbate (PS), and sodium benzoate (SB).

In vitro methods to determine the antioxidant activity of caffeic acid.

Caffeic acid (CA) is a plant metabolite acting as a carcinogenic inhibitor, and exhibits a high antioxidant effect and some antimicrobial activity. Besides, this compound can be useful in the prevention of heart diseases and atherosclerosis, among others. The present study aims to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of CA in order to increase the frequency of its use and reliability in the prevention of damage caused by free radicals and other reactive species.

Release and permeation profiles of spray-dried chitosan microparticles containing caffeic acid.

Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic compound found in plants with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, induces collagen production and prevents premature aging of the skin. The objective of this study was to develop two types of chitosan microparticles (MP) containing CA and to relate the morphology with the release and permeation profiles. One type of MP was prepared from a hydroalcoholic solution (MPI) and the other from an aqueous solution (MPII).

Bacterial cellulose skin masks-Properties and sensory tests.

Background: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile material produced by microorganisms in the form of a membranous hydrogel, totally biocompatible, and endowed with high mechanical strength. Its high water-holding capacity based on its highly porous nanofibrillar structure allows BC to incorporate and to release substances very fast, thus being suitable for the preparation of skincare masks.

Aims: The preparation and characterization of cosmetic masks based on BC membranes and active cosmetics.

Caffeic Acid in Dermatological Formulations: In Vitro Release Profile and Skin Absorption.

Aim And Objective: Caffeic acid (CA) is a cinnamic acid derivative, found in many vegetable products, with powerful antioxidant activity, the ability to increase collagen production and capacity to prevent premature aging of the skin. The classic emulsions of CA are widely used by the consumer to provide a pleasant, refreshing sensorial experience; however, preparations developed in the form of dry film are presented as a technological alternative due to its facile and safe transportation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the release, permeation, and retention of CA in a film and emulsion through in vitro experiments.

Trypanocidal Activity of Flavokawin B, a Component of Polygonum ferrugineum Wedd.

The trypanocidal potential of the natural chalcone flavokawin B, which was isolated from the hexanic extract of Wedd., is reported here. Although flavokawin B is widespread, this is the first report about its trypanocidal properties on both (IC = 9.

Rheology as a Tool to Predict the Release of Alpha-Lipoic Acid from Emulsions Used for the Prevention of Skin Aging.

The availability of an active substance through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of this substance from the vehicle and its subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles, such as their rheological behavior, are of great interest in the field of dermatological products. Recent studies have shown the influence of the rheological features of a vehicle on the release of drugs and active compounds from the formulation.

Antioxidant Activity and Validation of Quantification Method for Lycopene Extracted from Tomato.

Lycopene is a carotenoid found in tomatoes with potent antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to obtain an extract containing lycopene from four types of tomatoes, validate a quantification method for the extracts by HPLC, and assess its antioxidant activity. Results revealed that the tomatoes analyzed contained lycopene and antioxidant activity.

Validation of HPLC-UV Assay of Caffeic Acid in Emulsions.

An accurate, sensitive, precise and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was successfully developed and validated for the determination of caffeic acid (CA) in emulsions. The best separation was achieved on a 250 × 4.6 mm, 5.

Ethyl ferulate, a component with anti-inflammatory properties for emulsion-based creams.

Ethyl ferulate (FAEE) has been widely studied due to its beneficial heath properties and, when incorporated in creams, shows a high sun protection capacity. Here we aimed to compare FAEE and its precursor, ferulic acid (FA), as free radical scavengers, inhibitors of oxidants produced by leukocytes and the alterations in rheological properties when incorporated in emulsion based creams. The cell-free antiradical capacity of FAEE was decreased compared to FA.

Synthesis and tripanocidal activity of ferrocenyl and benzyl diamines against Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are the etiologic agents of sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively, two of the 17 preventable tropical infectious diseases (NTD) which have been neglected by governments and organizations working in the health sector, as well as pharmaceutical industries. High toxicity and resistance are problems of the conventional drugs employed against trypanosomiasis, hence the need for the development of new drugs with trypanocidal activity. In this work we have evaluated the trypanocidal activity of a series of N1,N2-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine hydrochlorides (benzyl diamines) and N1-benzyl,N2-methyferrocenylethane-1,2-diamine hydrochlorides (ferrocenyl diamines) against T.