Development and validation of a questionnaire, the REST-Q Fire, to identify teamwork-related resources and stressors in firefighting operations.

In the complex work environments of firefighting teams, it is often human error or difficulties in teamwork that lead to dangerous situations. To prevent these, it is essential to know the teamwork-related stressors and resources in firefighting operations. A measurement tool is needed to evaluate these stressors and resources.

The analysis of collective orientation and process feedback in relation to coordination and performance in interdependently working teams.

Effective teamwork is not only essential for teams themselves, but also for organizations and our society. To facilitate team processes and enhance team performance, feedback interventions are a widely used means. However, different types of feedback (i.

Human-AI teams-Challenges for a team-centered AI at work.

As part of the Special Issue topic "Human-Centered AI at Work: Common Ground in Theories and Methods," we present a perspective article that looks at human-AI teamwork from a team-centered AI perspective, i. e., we highlight important design aspects that the technology needs to fulfill in order to be accepted by humans and to be fully utilized in the role of a team member in teamwork.

Off-label use in adult palliative care - more common than expected. A retrospective chart review.

Objective: Off-label drug use seems to be integral to adult palliative care pharmacotherapy. Balancing potential risks and benefits in the context of limited therapeutic options is challenging. To provide specific support for clinicians in dealing with off-label use, it is essential to understand off-label use in everyday clinical practice.

Influence of presence in an inter-professional simulation training of the emergency caesarean section: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Purpose: Emergency training using simulation is a method to increase patient safety in the delivery room. The effect of individual training concepts is critically discussed and requires evaluation. A possible influence factor of success can be the perceived reality of the participants.

Training of airway management for anesthesia teams - Measurement of transfer into daily work routine by questionnaire.

Theory: Problems in airway management are rare in anesthesia but when they occur, they have serious consequences for the patient. For this reason, training is recommended for professionals involved in anesthetic care. Here we investigated, if a newly developed technical/ non-technical hybrid airway training would be relevant for daily practice in a tertiary referral hospital.

Automation as an equal team player for humans? - A view into the field and implications for research and practice.

The practical reality and feasibility of Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT) are analyzed from an experts' point of view, considering current possibilities of various fields. We aim to find out whether the topics discussed scientifically are also practically relevant, to identify requirements for successful HAT, and to derive further research needs. Intensive guideline-based interviews with 28 experts from different industries are conducted and compared to the results of our literature review.

Structured evaluation of stress triggers in prehospital emergency medical care : An analysis by questionnaire regarding the professional groups.

Background: Emergency medical services work in the environment of high responsibility teams and have to act under unpredictable working conditions. Stress occurs and has potential of negative effects on tasks, teamwork, prioritization processes and cognitive control. Stress is not exclusively dictated by the situation-the individuals rate the situation of having the necessary skills that a particular situation demands.

Low self-reported stress despite immune-physiological changes in paramedics during rescue operations.

Despite the high stress levels, paramedics seem to ignore or even negate the stress. This can be detrimental and lead to stress-related diseases. Therefore, we investigated the divergence between physiological and psychological stress responses of paramedics.

Transfer of an interprofessional emergency caesarean section training program: using questionnaire combined with outcome data of newborn.

Puprose: An emergency caesarean section is a potentially life-threatening situation both for the mother and the newborn. Non-technical skills can be improved by simulation training and are necessary to manage this urgent situation successfully. The objective of this study was to investigate, if training of emergency caesarean section can be transferred into daily work to improve the outcome parameters pH an APGAR of the newborn.

Impact of Simulator-Based Crisis Resource Management Training on Collective Orientation in Anaesthesia: Pre-Post Survey Study With Interprofessional Anaesthesia Teams.

Theory: Individuals have different qualities, levels of willingness, and degrees of engagement for working in teams. This behaviour is termed 'Collective Orientation' (CO). Collective orientation can be trained and has a positive influence on team processes.

Off-label drugs in palliative care: a Group Delphi treatment recommendation process.

Objectives: The use of drugs beyond their marketing authorisation, that is, off-label use, is common practice in palliative care with over 70% of off-label use having little or no scientific support. The lack of evidence makes recommendations for off-label use essential, in order to increase the safety of drug therapy and thus patient safety. The aim of this study was to develop a guide for preparing and consenting drug-specific recommendations for off-label use in palliative care.

Does simulation-based training in medical education need additional stressors? An experimental study.

The increased curricular integration of simulation-based training (SBT) in medical education is accompanied by researchers' calls to examine the effectiveness of SBT. We address conflicting results regarding effects of an added stressor on learning outcomes. In an experimental setting, one group of medical students ( = 20) performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a patient simulator.

Changes of collective orientation through a medical student's anaesthesia simulation course - simulation-based training study with non-technical skills debriefing versus medical debriefing.

Background: Non-technical skills (NTS) are known to have a positive impact on quality of medical care. The team performance enhancing behaviour, as an example for NTS, is termed "Collective Orientation" (CO). In this study, we investigated the effect of a simulator-based anaesthesia training upon student's CO in relation to medical and TeamGAINS (guided team self-correction, advocacy-inquiry and systemic-constructivist techniques) debriefing.

Drug use beyond the licence in palliative care: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Drug use beyond the licence (off-label use, off-label drug use) is a common practice in palliative care and respective recommendations can often be identified in the literature. It is both risky and offers opportunities at the same time and, therefore, requires special attention in clinical practice.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of off-label drug use in palliative care and to identify, evaluate and critically appraise studies describing the clinical practice, healthcare professionals' awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards off-label-use and management strategies.

Complex Problem Solving in Teams: The Impact of Collective Orientation on Team Process Demands.

Complex problem solving is challenging and a high-level cognitive process for individuals. When analyzing complex problem solving in teams, an additional, new dimension has to be considered, as teamwork processes increase the requirements already put on individual team members. After introducing an idealized teamwork process model, that complex problem solving teams pass through, and integrating the relevant teamwork skills for interdependently working teams into the model and combining it with the four kinds of team processes (transition, action, interpersonal, and learning processes), the paper demonstrates the importance of fulfilling team process demands for successful complex problem solving within teams.

Does teaching non-technical skills to medical students improve those skills and simulated patient outcome?

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a tailor-made, non-technical skills seminar on medical student's behaviour, attitudes, and performance during simulated patient treatment.

Methods: Seventy-seven students were randomized to either a non-technical skills seminar (NTS group, n=43) or a medical seminar (control group, n=34). The human patient simulation was used as an evaluation tool.

Key Aspects of a Sustainable Health Insurance System in Germany.

Background: The main goals of health-care systems are to improve the health of the population they serve, respond to people's legitimate expectations, and offer fair financing. As a result, the health system in Germany is subject to continuous adaption as well as public and political discussions about its design.

Objective: This paper analyzes the key challenges for the German health-care system and the underlying factors driving these challenges.