High rate of macrolide resistance and closely genetically related complex strains identified among both cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients within two countries.

Unlabelled: is an emerging opportunistic pathogen affecting patients with chronic lung diseases, primarily cystic fibrosis (CF), or those under immunosuppression. Hence, investigations into the epidemiology and transmission of and accurate antibiotic susceptibility data are essential for the effective treatment of infections caused by this pathogen. This retrospective nationwide study included all clinical isolates ( = 59) from 29 patients diagnosed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia between 2018 and 2023.

Tuberculosis in Ukrainian War Refugees and Migrants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: A Molecular Epidemiological Study.

Background: The war in Ukraine has led to significant migration to neighboring countries, raising public health concerns. Notable tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in Ukraine emphasize the immediate requirement to prioritize approaches that interrupt the spread and prevent new infections.

Methods: We conducted a prospective genomic surveillance study to assess migration's impact on TB epidemiology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Resistance patterns and transmission of mono- and polyresistant TB: clinical impact of WGS.

Objectives: Rapidly diagnosing drug-resistant TB is crucial for improving treatment and transmission control. WGS is becoming increasingly accessible and has added value to the diagnosis and treatment of TB. The aim of the study was to perform WGS to determine the rate of false-positive results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance and transmission of mono- and polyresistant .

Whole genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected in the Czech Republic, 2005-2020.

The emergence and spread of resistant tuberculosis (TB) pose a threat to public health, so it is necessary to diagnose the drug-resistant forms in a clinically short time frame and closely monitor their transmission. In this study, we carried out a first whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based analysis of multidrug resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis strains to explore the phylogenetic lineages diversity, drug resistance mechanisms, and ongoing transmission chains within the country.

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Slovakia, 2018-2019: The first whole-genome epidemiological study.

Objective: The resistance of () to antituberculosis drugs poses a major threat to global public health. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is an increasingly preferred method in the diagnostics and monitoring of the transmission dynamics of resistant forms of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of the study was to, for the first time, use the sequencing-based analysis to study the transmission and resistance patterns of a systematic and recent collection of extensively drug resistant (XDR) and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates and to expand our knowledge about drug resistant (DR) TB epidemiological dynamics in Slovakia.

Porcine EEF1A1 and EEF1A2 genes: genomic structure, polymorphism, mapping and expression.

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1A) plays a key role in protein synthesis. In higher vertebrates EEF1A occurs in two isoforms, EEF1A1 and EEF1A2, encoded by distinct genes. The purpose of this study was to compare the two porcine genes as for the genomic sequence, gene organization and mRNA expression in different tissues, as well as to search for polymorphism and chromosomal assignment.

Analysis of a deletion in the nephronophthisis 4 gene in different dog breeds.

Cone-rod dystrophy is a progressive inherited retinal degenerative disorder that occurs in humans and dogs. The deletion in the nephronophthisis 4 (NPHP4) gene was established as a causative mutation in standard wire-haired Dachshunds. We analyzed all varieties of Dachshunds from the Czech Republic and five other dog breeds and found that the deletion in the NPHP4 (in heterozygous state) is present not only in standard-, but also in miniature wire-haired Dachshunds, but not in other varieties of Dachshunds or in other breeds.

Association between polymorphism in the FTO gene and growth and carcass traits in pig crosses.

Background: Independent studies have shown that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the human FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene are associated with obesity. SNP have also been identified in the pig FTO gene, among which some are associated with selected fat-deposition traits in F2 crosses and commercial populations. In this study, using both commercial pig populations and an experimental Meishan × Pietrain F2 population, we have investigated the association between one FTO SNP and several growth and carcass traits.