Immunotherapeutic potential of collagen V oral administration in mBSA/CFA-induced arthritis.

We hypothesized that after synovial injury, collagen V (Col V) expose occult antigens, and Col V autoantibodies develop, indicating the loss of immune tolerance against this molecule, thus leading to damage to mesenchymal-derived cells as well as the extracellular matrix in experimental arthritis. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of oral administration of Col V on the synovium after the development of inflammation in mBSA/CFA-induced arthritis. After fourteen days of intraarticular administration of mBSA, 10 male Lewis rats were orally administered Col V (500 μg/300 μL) diluted in 0.

Aerobic Exercise Training Protects Against Insulin Resistance, Despite Low-Sodium Diet-Induced Increased Inflammation and Visceral Adiposity.

Dietary sodium restriction increases plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations as well as causing insulin resistance and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and the inhibition of adipogenesis. The current study investigated whether aerobic exercise training (AET) mitigates or inhibits the adverse effects of dietary sodium restriction on adiposity, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in periepididymal adipose tissue.

Type V collagen-induced nasal tolerance prevents lung damage in an experimental model: new evidence of autoimmunity to collagen V in COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been linked to immune responses to lung-associated self-antigens. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), the main cause of COPD, causes chronic lung inflammation, resulting in pulmonary matrix (ECM) damage. This tissue breakdown exposes collagen V (Col V), an antigen typically hidden from the immune system, which could trigger an autoimmune response.

Distinct effects of intravenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on ischemic and non-ischemic lungs after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: The preclinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy after intravenous infusion has been promising, but clinical studies have yielded only modest results. Although most preclinical studies have focused solely on the ischemic lung, it is crucial to evaluate both lungs after ischemia-reperfusion injury, considering the various mechanisms involved. This study aimed to bridge this gap by assessing the acute effects of bone marrow MSC(BM) infusion before ischemic insult and evaluating both ischemic and non-ischemic lungs after reperfusion.

MicroRNA-29b attenuates fibrosis in a rat model of Peyronie's disease.

Background: Peyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of fibrotic plaques in the penile tunica albuginea. Effective treatments are limited, warranting the investigation of new promising therapies, such as the application of microRNAs that regulate fibrosis-related genes.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of mimicking microRNA-29b in a fibrin-induced rat model of Peyronie's disease.

Pressure-support compared with pressure-controlled ventilation mitigates lung and brain injury in experimental acute ischemic stroke in rats.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary and cerebral effects of low-tidal volume ventilation in pressure-support (PSV) and pressure-controlled (PCV) modes at two PEEP levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: In this randomized experimental study, AIS was induced by thermocoagulation in 30 healthy male Wistar rats. After 24 h, AIS animals were randomly assigned to PSV or PCV with V = 6 mL/kg and PEEP = 2 cmHO (PSV-PEEP2 and PCV-PEEP2) or PEEP = 5 cmHO (PSV-PEEP5 and PCV-PEEP5) for 2 h.

The Immunological Landscape of M1 and M2 Macrophages and Their Spatial Distribution in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Background: Several tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have shown promise as prognosticators in cancer. Our aim was to validate the importance of TAMs in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) using a two-stage design.

Methods: We explored The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-MESO) to select immune-relevant macrophage genes in MPM, including M1/M2 markers, as a discovery cohort.

Mesothelin expression remodeled the immune-matrix tumor microenvironment predicting the risk of death in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: The combination of immunobiological agents with immune checkpoint proteins is a promising treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Mesothelin and anti-PD-L1 antibody-drug conjugates specifically target malignant neoplastic cells, inhibit the migration and invasion of neoplastic cells, and restore the immune landscape. In this study, we confirmed the importance of mesothelin and examined the relationship between mesothelin and the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in two MPM cohorts.

Preventing occludin tight-junction disruption via inhibition of microRNA-193b-5p attenuates viral load and influenza-induced lung injury.

Virus-induced lung injury is associated with loss of pulmonary epithelial-endothelial tight junction integrity. While the alveolar-capillary membrane may be an indirect target of injury, viruses may interact directly and/or indirectly with miRs to augment their replication potential and evade the host antiviral defense system. Here, we expose how the influenza virus (H1N1) capitalizes on host-derived interferon-induced, microRNA (miR)-193b-5p to target occludin and compromise antiviral defenses.

Lung Injury Is Induced by Abrupt Increase in Respiratory Rate but Prevented by Recruitment Maneuver in Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats.

Background: Gradually changing respiratory rate (RR) during time to reduce ventilation-induced lung injury has not been investigated. The authors hypothesized that gradual, compared with abrupt, increments in RR would mitigate ventilation-induced lung injury and that recruitment maneuver before abruptly increasing RR may prevent injurious biologic impact.

Methods: Twenty-four hours after intratracheal administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, 49 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (tidal volume, 6 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 3 cm H2O) with RR increase patterns as follows (n = 7 per group): (1) control 1, RR = 70 breaths/min for 2 h; (2) and (3) abrupt increases of RR for 1 and 2 h, respectively, both for 2 h; (4) shorter RR adaptation, gradually increasing RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 30 min); (5) longer RR adaptation, more gradual increase in RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 60 min), both for 2 h; (6) control 2, abrupt increase of RR maintained for 1 h; and (7) control 3, recruitment maneuver (continuous positive airway pressure, 30 cm H2O for 30 s) followed by control-2 protocol.

Proposing Specific Neuronal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Genes as an Ancillary Tool for Differential Diagnosis among Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are currently classified into four major histotypes, including typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). This classification was designed to be applied to surgical specimens mostly anchored in morphological parameters, resulting in considerable overlapping among PNENs, which may result in important challenges for clinicians' decisions in the case of small biopsies. Since PNENs originate from the neuroectodermic cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression shows promise as biomarkers involved in the genotypic transformation of neuroectodermic cells, including mutation burden with the involvement of chromatin remodeling genes, apoptosis, and mitosis rate, leading to modification in final cellular phenotype.

Mild hypothermia combined with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage in experimental acute focal ischemic stroke.

Background: Sedatives and mild hypothermia alone may yield neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the impact of this combination is still under investigation. We compared the effects of the combination of mild hypothermia or normothermia with propofol or dexmedetomidine on brain, lung, and kidney in experimental AIS.

Modeling extracellular matrix through histo-molecular gradient in NSCLC for clinical decisions.

Lung cancer still represents a global health problem, being the main type of tumor responsible for cancer deaths. In this context, the tumor microenvironment, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) pose as extremely relevant. Thus, this study aimed to explore the prognostic value of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt signaling, and ECM proteins expression in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with clinical stages I-IIIA.

Biological impact of restrictive and liberal fluid strategies at low and high PEEP levels on lung and distal organs in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Fluid regimens in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are conflicting. The amount of fluid and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level may interact leading to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We therefore evaluated restrictive and liberal fluid strategies associated with low and high PEEP levels with regard to lung and kidney damage, as well as cardiorespiratory function in endotoxin-induced ARDS.

Collagen V α1 Chain Decrease in Papillary Dermis from Early Systemic Sclerosis: A New Proposal in Cutaneous Fibrosis Molecular Structure.

Cutaneous fibrosis is one of the main features of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Recent findings correlated abnormal collagen V (Col V) deposition in dermis with skin thickening and disease activity in SSc. Considering that Col V is an important regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis, understanding the role of Col V in the first two years of the skin fibrosis in SSc (early SSc) can help to determine new targets for future treatments.

Effects of different fluid management on lung and kidney during pressure-controlled and pressure-support ventilation in experimental acute lung injury.

Optimal fluid management is critical during mechanical ventilation to mitigate lung damage. Under normovolemia and protective ventilation, pulmonary tensile stress during pressure-support ventilation (PSV) results in comparable lung protection to compressive stress during pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in experimental acute lung injury (ALI). It is not yet known whether tensile stress can lead to comparable protection to compressive stress in ALI under a liberal fluid strategy (LF).

Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein triggers a pulmonary immune response in rats.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been affecting millions of people worldwide, since the beginning of 2020. COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious.

Dissecting and Reconstructing Matrix in Malignant Mesothelioma Through Histocell-Histochemistry Gradients for Clinical Applications.

Background: Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MM) are known for their heterogenous histology and clinical behavior. MM histology reveals three major tumor cell populations: epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic. Using a dissecting approach, we showed that histochemical gradients help us better understand tumor heterogeneity and reconsider its histologic classifications.

Sterilized human skin graft with a dose of 25 kGy provides a privileged immune and collagen microenvironment in the adhesion of Nude mice wounds.

This study aimed to report the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on inflammatory and repair stage of human skin graft adherence in Nude mice wounds. Animals were divided into transplanted with irradiated human skin grafts (IHSG) at 25 and 50 kGy (IHSG 25 kGy; IHSG 50 kGy) and non-IHSG and euthanized on the 3rd, 7th and 21st days after the surgery, by gross and microscopic changes, immunostaining for human type I collagen (Col I) and mouse Col I and Col III and inflammatory cells. We found an effectiveness of human split-thickness graft adherence in mice transplanted with IHSG 25 kGy, as well decrease in dermo-epidermal necrosis and neutrophils, lower loss of skin thickness, epithelization and neo-vascularization.

Effects of time-controlled adaptive ventilation on cardiorespiratory parameters and inflammatory response in experimental emphysema.

The time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) method attenuates lung damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, so far, no study has evaluated the impact of the TCAV method on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and cardiac function in emphysema. We hypothesized that the use of the TCAV method to achieve an expiratory flow termination/expiratory peak flow (E/E) of 25% could reduce VILI and improve right ventricular function in elastase-induced lung emphysema in rats.