Pediatric pharmaceutical interventions in self-medication: a descriptive study in community pharmacies.

Background: The practice of self-medication is common but not without risk, especially for vulnerable populations such as the pediatric population. Community pharmacists have an important role of vigilance in dispensing drugs available without a medical prescription, with the possibility of carrying out a Pharmaceutical Intervention (PI) if necessary. The aim of our study was to characterize the Pediatric Pharmaceutical Interventions (PPIs) in self-medication carried out during a spontaneous request for a drug at the community pharmacy.

Attitude of community pharmacists toward patients with a substance-related disorder (heroin, alcohol and tobacco), estimation of harmfulness and knowledge of these substances, and continuing education: A pilot cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To investigate attitude of community pharmacists toward patients with a substance-related disorder (heroin, alcohol and tobacco).

Material And Methods: The attitudes were assessed thanks to the Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) for heroin, alcohol and tobacco-related disorders in three independent groups of pharmacists. Estimation of substance-related harmfulness, knowledge of substance-related disorders and activities/needs for continuing education on substance-related disorders were also recorded.

Perception of pharmacy students toward opioid-related disorders and roles of community pharmacists: A French nationwide cross-sectional study.

: Community pharmacists are among the frontline health professionals who manage patients with an opioid-related disorder (ORD). Pharmacists frequently have a negative attitude toward these patients, which could have a negative impact on their management. However, education on ORD may improve the attitude of future healthcare professionals.

IPADAM "Pharmaceutical interventions on the issue of pharmaceutical records and self-medication" quanti survey in 482 French pharmacies.

Objectives: This study aims to: (i) quantify the number of pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) linked to spontaneous requests for the two oral target molecules, ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine (ii) analyse the causes and proposed solutions (iii) quantify the number of registrations in the patient's pharmaceutical record and identify the various causes of non-registration.

Methods: The study was conducted over a 2 weeks' period in the months of February and April 2014 in 482 pharmacies affiliated to the training supervisor associations of 8 French Faculties of Pharmacy. Data regarding spontaneous requests for the target molecules was collected, with due respect to a patient care flow chart at the pharmacy, by incorporating the systematic proposal for registration of the medication in the patient's pharmaceutical record.

Use of Psychotropic Medications and Illegal Drugs, and Related Consequences Among French Pharmacy Students - SCEP Study: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

The use of psychotropic medications and illegal drugs is a worldwide public health issue, leading to addiction, psychiatric and somatic disorders, and death. Pharmacy students are more exposed to psychotropic medications than other students (non-medical), which could lead to an overuse. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychotropic drug use (medications and illegal drugs) by French pharmacy students, by carrying out a nationwide cross-sectional study.

[IPADAM quali study. Intervention of the Pharmacist in the Issue of Self-medication: Experience of pharmacy team focus groups and patients' perceptions].

Objectives: This study had two main aims: (i) document the experience of community pharmacists receiving a spontaneous request for ibuprofen and oral pseudoephedrine, and their use of pharmaceutical records, and (ii) explore patients' perceptions of pharmaceutical records and pharmaceutical interventions.

Methods: The study was conducted over two weeks between February and April 2014 in 482 community pharmacies and 8 French faculties of pharmacy. It was based on data collected by pharmacy team focus groups during patient telephone interviews using standardized question grids.

Work-related stress, associated comorbidities and stress causes in French community pharmacies: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Like other health professionals, community pharmacists are exposed to stress factors (being efficient, avoiding mistakes and bearing emotional load), but they are also under the pressure of entrepreneurial responsibilities. The main objective was to assess the level of work-related stress in French community pharmacies. The other objectives of the study were to assess the associated comorbidities and causes of work-related stress.

Burnout, associated comorbidities and coping strategies in French community pharmacies-BOP study: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Work-related stress and burnout syndromes are unfortunately common comorbidities found in health professionals. However, burnout syndrome has only been partly and episodically assessed for community pharmacists whereas these professionals are exposed to patients' demands and difficulties every day. Prevalence of burnout, associated comorbidities and coping strategies were assessed in pharmacy teams (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) in French community pharmacies.

[Pharmacist's interview with type 2 diabetes: Development of a follow-up form].

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern because of its prevalence, the severity of complications and the financial implications. Compliance and patient's autonomy in medications intake play key roles in the success of treatment. Pharmacists' interviews ensure an optimized and individual follow-up.

Benzodiazepine dependence: focus on withdrawal syndrome.

Benzodiazepines are potentially addictive drugs: psychological and physical dependence can develop within a few weeks or years of regular or repeated use. The socioeconomic costs of the present high level of long-term benzodiazepine use are considerable. These consequences could be minimised if prescriptions for long-term benzodiazepines were decreased.

Comparative texturometric analysis of hydrogels based on cellulose derivatives, carraghenates, and alginates: evaluation of adhesiveness.

This paper reports a texturometric study of hydrogels based on cellulose derivatives, carraghenates (with or without Na+ or K+), and alginates (associated or not with Ca++). The stiffness, elasticity, and cohesiveness are evaluated and the influence of the nature and the concentration of gelling agent on the adhesiveness, an indicator of bioadhesion, is discussed. The highest adhesiveness values are found among the semi-stiff gels, particularly with those based on either sodium or potassium alginate, or cellulose derivatives.

Functionalization of hydrocolloids: principal component analysis applied to the study of correlations between parameters describing the consistency of hydrogels.

This work was part of a pure research project on the functionalization of three families of hydrocolloids: cellulose derivatives, carrageenates, and alginates. Principal component analysis (PCA), a powerful statistical method, was used to demonstrate the relations existing among these different parameters that describe the consistency of hydrogels and their spreadability. This approach therefore provides a basis for modeling hydrogel consistency.

Skin healing preparations: compared in vitro diffusion of the active ingredients.

We have developed skin healing preparations based on propolis extract:ointments, emulsions, and transparent oil-water (TOW) gels. The formulations were optimized in terms of macroscopic characteristics including spreadability and penetrability, and limpidity and isotropy for the TOW gels. We describe here the results of a study of in vitro diffusion of the active ingredients, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, from some of the preparations we developed.

Procyanidins from tormentil: antioxidant properties towards lipoperoxidation and anti-elastase activity.

Procyanidins extracted from the rhizomes of Potentilla tormentilla were fractionated according to their degree of polymerization by chromatography on Sephadex LH20. Dimers and trimers displayed the highest anti-radical activity towards lipoperoxidation. Pentamers and hexamers possessed the most marked anti-elastase properties.

Procyanidins from tormentil: fractionation and study of the anti-radical activity towards superoxide anion.

A standardised water-soluble extract was prepared from rhizomes of Potentilla tormentilla. The procyanidins in the extract were fractionated according to their degree of polymerisation by chromatography on Sephadex LH20. The anti-radical activities of the different fractions towards superoxide anion were compared when pentamers and hexamers were found to be the most active.

[Standardization of propolis extract and identification of principal constituents].

Preparation of a propolis extract was codified, conditions of pulverization, extraction and treatment of the extractive solution are specified. The wounds healing properties of this extract are related to flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were identified by TLC.

[Oral freeze-dried forms of procyanidins].

Oral freeze-dried forms based on procyanidins were prepared. Effort was focused on the choice of the binder and the determination of the optimal conditions of freeze-drying.

Anti-ulcer activity of procyanidins preparation of water-soluble procyanidin-cimetidine complexes.

The anti-ulcer properties of water-soluble procyanidins prepared by fermentation of tannins from Fragaria vesca were studied. Complexes of procyanidins and cimetidine were prepared. The procyanidins increased the water-solubility of the cimetidine and may prevent undesirable nitrosamine formation in the stomach as they block its cyanamide function.

Tannins from Hamamelis virginiana: identification of proanthocyanidins and hamamelitannin quantification in leaf, bark, and stem extracts.

The tannins in leaf, bark, and stem extracts of HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA were analyzed. Four proanthocyanidins were isolated by HPLC. One was a procyanidin polymer containing only one type of flavanol unit; the other three were polymers of procyanidin and prodelphinidin containing two types of flavanol units.