Numerical study on aerodynamics of small scale horizontal axis wind turbine with Weibull analysis.

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and blade element momentum (BEM) analysis of horizontal small-scale wind turbines under various parameters. Random airfoils such as the NACA 0012, NACA 0018, NACA 4412, S1016, S1210, S1223, and SC20402 are chosen, and the glide ratio is analysed. A Reynolds number of 100,000 is considered because of the small wind turbine design.

Sensing volatiles throughout the body: geographic- and tissue-specific olfactory receptor expression in the fig wasp.

An essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors (ORs) to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues. Our model species, Ceratosolen fusciceps, a specialist wasp pollinator of Ficus racemosa, likely possesses an OR repertoire that allows it to distinguish fig-specific volatiles in highly variable environments. Using a newly assembled genome-guided transcriptome, we annotated 63 ORs in the species and reconstructed the phylogeny of Ceratosolen ORs in conjunction with other hymenopteran species.

Antibiotic Eluting Bone Void Filler Versus Systemic Antibiotics For Pedal Osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis complicates 20% of patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, 2 strategies for treating pedal osteomyelitis were compared in a pilot study. This was a retrospective, non-randomized, single center 2 arm cohort study, conducted between 2020 and 2022 involving 53 patients at a tertiary limb salvage unit.

Cryo-Pneumatic Compression Results in a Significant Decrease in Opioid Consumption After Shoulder Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The management of pain after shoulder surgery typically includes the use of cryotherapy and the prescription of opioid analgesics. Much focus has been placed lately on the opioid epidemic, which in part is fueled by excessive prescription of opioid medication. Previous studies have found a combination of cryotherapy and compression effective at reducing analgesic consumption and increasing recovery in patients undergoing knee and spine surgery; however, efficacy in patients undergoing shoulder surgery has not been evaluated.

Generalizability of PGS for breast cancer risk in a Los Angeles biobank.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) summarize the combined effect of common risk variants and are associated with breast cancer risk in patients without identifiable monogenic risk factors. One of the most well-validated PGSs in breast cancer to date is PGS, which was developed from a Northern European biobank but has shown attenuated performance in non-European ancestries. We further investigate the generalizability of the PGS for American women of European (EA), African (AFR), Asian (EAA), and Latinx (HL) ancestry within one institution with a singular electronic health record (EHR) system, genotyping platform, and quality control process.

Polygenic scores for tobacco use provide insights into systemic health risks in a diverse EHR-linked biobank in Los Angeles.

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for many diseases and is heavily influenced by environmental factors with significant underlying genetic contributions. Here, we evaluated the predictive performance, risk stratification, and potential systemic health effects of tobacco use disorder (TUD) predisposing germline variants using a European- ancestry-derived polygenic score (PGS) in 24,202 participants from the multi-ancestry, hospital-based UCLA ATLAS biobank. Among genetically inferred ancestry groups (GIAs), TUD-PGS was significantly associated with TUD in European American (EA) (OR: 1.

Interplay Of Serum Bilirubin and Tobacco Smoking with Lung and Head and Neck Cancers in a Diverse, EHR-linked Los Angeles Biobank.

Background: Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant with a protective role in many diseases. We examined the relationships between serum bilirubin (SB) levels, tobacco smoking (a known cause of low SB), and aerodigestive cancers, grouped as lung cancers (LC) and head and neck cancers (HNC).

Methods: We examined the associations between SB, LC, and HNC using data from 393,210 participants from a real-world, diverse, de-identified data repository and biobank linked to the UCLA Health system.

Interplay Of Serum Bilirubin and Tobacco Smoking with Lung and Head and Neck Cancers in a Diverse, EHR-linked Los Angeles Biobank.

Background: Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant with a protective role in many diseases. We examined the relationships between serum bilirubin (SB) levels, tobacco smoking (a known cause of low SB), and aerodigestive cancers, grouped as lung (LC) and head and neck (HNC).

Methods: We examined the associations between SB, LC and HNC using data from 393,210 participants from UCLA Health, employing regression models, propensity score matching, and polygenic scores.

Carbonyl products of ozone oxidation of volatile organic compounds can modulate olfactory choice behavior in insects.

Insects are a diverse group of organisms that provide important ecosystem services like pollination, pest control, and decomposition and rely on olfaction to perform these services. In the Anthropocene, increasing concentrations of oxidant pollutants such as ozone have been shown to corrupt odor-driven behavior in insects by chemically degrading e.g.

Multimodal Biomarkers That Predict the Presence of Gleason Pattern 4: Potential Impact for Active Surveillance.

Purpose: Latent grade group ≥2 prostate cancer can impact the performance of active surveillance protocols. To date, molecular biomarkers for active surveillance have relied solely on RNA or protein. We trained and independently validated multimodal (mRNA abundance, DNA methylation, and/or DNA copy number) biomarkers that more accurately separate grade group 1 from grade group ≥2 cancers.

"There is No Easy Way to Say This…": Communication Challenges in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit.

Venkateswaran V, Soni KD, Trikha A. "There is No Easy Way to Say This…": Communication Challenges in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(1):79-81.

Leveraging genomic diversity for discovery in an electronic health record linked biobank: the UCLA ATLAS Community Health Initiative.

Background: Large medical centers in urban areas, like Los Angeles, care for a diverse patient population and offer the potential to study the interplay between genetic ancestry and social determinants of health. Here, we explore the implications of genetic ancestry within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) ATLAS Community Health Initiative-an ancestrally diverse biobank of genomic data linked with de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) of UCLA Health patients (N=36,736).

Methods: We quantify the extensive continental and subcontinental genetic diversity within the ATLAS data through principal component analysis, identity-by-descent, and genetic admixture.

Maternal and neonatal characteristics, operative details and outcomes in COVID-19 positive parturients undergoing cesarean sections: A retrospective observational study.

Background And Aims: There is a marked inclination towards cesarean sections as the preferred mode of delivery in parturients with COVID-19 disease. However, the challenges associated with planning and performing a surgery in the COVID-19 setup are considerable. These factors may lead to widespread changes in obstetric decision-making, operative planning, and perioperative outcomes.

Alveolar Arterial Gradient and Respiratory Index in Predicting the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients; a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Alveolar arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient and respiratory index can be of immense help for the critical care physician in clinical decision making. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of A-a oxygen gradient and respiratory index in predicting the survival of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 215 adult patients with COVID-19 disease, admitted to the ICU between 1 April 2020 and 30 June 2021.

Barotrauma in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective case-control study.

Background: There is increased incidence of barotrauma in COVID-19 patients, probably due to disease pathology, oxygen therapy and coughing. We aimed to retrospectively compare the characteristics, associations and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without barotrauma in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: All adults admitted between October 1st and December 31st 2020 in the ICUs of a COVID-19 hospital were retrospectively analysed for presence of a 'barotrauma event' (presence of at least one of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema or bronchopleural fistula).

Functional Interaction Between Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Their Support Cells.

Insects detect volatile chemicals using antennae, which house a vast variety of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that innervate hair-like structures called sensilla where odor detection takes place. In addition to OSNs, the antenna also hosts various support cell types. These include the triad of trichogen, tormogen, and thecogen support cells that lie adjacent to their respective OSNs.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Patients: More Hype than Substance?

Trikha A, Venkateswaran V, Soni KD. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Patients: More Hype than Substance? Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(11):1322-1323.

Bronchopleural Fistula after High-flow Nasal Cannula Use in Patient with COVID-19.

Venkateswaran V, Chaturvedi A, Soni KD, Aggarwal R, Trikha A. Bronchopleural Fistula after High-flow Nasal Cannula Use in Patient with COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(7):830-831.

Clinicoepidemiological Features and Mortality Analysis of Deceased Patients with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background And Objective: A large number of studies describing the clinicoepidemiological features of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients are available but very few studies have documented similar features of the deceased. This study was aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological features and the causes of mortality of COVID-19 deceased patients admitted in a dedicated COVID center in India.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study done in adult deceased patients admitted in COVID ICU from April 4 to July 24, 2020.