Vitamins (A&D) and Isoprenoid (Chenodeoxycholic acid) molecules are accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory response and therapeutic cure in vivo: possible antileishmanial drugs.

Investigation of immune modulatory anti-leishmanial molecules is now being strongly encouraged to overcome the immunosuppression manifested during visceral leishmaniasis (VL), resistance, toxicity and high cost associated with conventional therapeutics. In the present study, we explored the protective efficacy of vitamin D, retinoic acid and isoprenoid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) combinations against L. donovani infected BALB/c mice.

Genetic disruption of depletes regulatory T cells and provokes high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in the kidneys of female mutant mice.

The present study was designed to determine the effects of gene knockout of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) on immunogenic responses affecting kidney function and blood pressure (BP) in (coding for GC-A/NPRA)-null mutant mice. We used female gene-disrupted (, 0 copy), heterozygous (, 1 copy), wild-type (, 2 copy), and gene-duplicated (, 4 copy) mice. Expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4 mRNA were increased 4- to 5-fold in 1-copy mice and 6- to 10-fold in 0-copy mice; protein levels were increased 2.

Downregulation of host tryptophan-aspartate containing coat (TACO) gene restricts the entry and survival of Leishmania donovani in human macrophage model.

Leishmania are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of mammalian hosts. Promastigotes of Leishmania are internalized by macrophages and transformed into amastigotes in phagosomes, and replicate in phagolysosomes. Phagosomal maturation arrest is known to play a crucial role in the survival of pathogenic Leishmania within activated macrophages.

Pediatric neurocysticercosis: usefulness of antibody response in cysticidal treatment follow-up.

Serum and urine samples were collected from 33 NCC patients before the albendazole treatment, 3-6 and 12 months PT. At 3 months PT, 24 (72.7%) patients had no detectable CT/MRI lesions and 9 (27.