Family history is a strong risk factor for prevalent angle closure in a South Indian population.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of angle closure among siblings of patients with open angles (OAs), suspect angle closure (PACS), and either primary angle closure (PAC) or PAC glaucoma (PACG).

Design: Cross-sectional, clinical study.

Participants: A total of 303 South Indian sibling pairs, including 81 OA probands, 143 PACS probands, and 79 PAC/PACG probands.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removal of encrusted ureteral stents: a multicenter study.

Purpose: Encrusted ureteral stents are a challenging endourologic problem. We performed a multi-institutional review of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as primary treatment for encrusted stents.

Materials And Methods: We identified 36 patients who underwent PCNL for treatment of an encrusted stent.

Sympathetic ophthalmia with sensorineural deafness - report of a case.

Background: The aim of this study is to report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia with sensorineural hearing loss following penetrating trauma. This is an interventional case report. A 23-year-old male presented with bilateral, sudden, profound visual and hearing loss, disorientation, and dizziness.

Household preferences for cataract surgery in rural India: a population-based stated preference survey.

Purpose: Cataract surgery is provided both by the private and public sector in India. Free cataract surgery (with minimal amenities) funded through subsidies/reimbursements by government and non-governmental organizations is provided for underprivileged and poor patients, especially in rural areas. However, no evidence exists whether this free surgery is used by those who could afford to pay and are willing to pay for cataract surgery.

Aromatase and glycosyl transferase inhibiting acridone alkaloids from fruits of Cameroonian Zanthoxylum species.

Background: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Z. leprieurii fruits are commonly used in traditional system of medicine for diarrhea, pain, wound healing, etc. in Cameroon, Africa.

Association study in a South Indian population supports rs1015213 as a risk factor for primary angle closure.

Purpose: Three loci defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11024102 in PLEKHA7, rs3753841 in COL11A1, and rs1015213 between the PCMTD1 and ST18 genes, recently have been associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). We explored the genetic association of these SNPs with subtypes of primary angle closure in a South Indian population.

Methods: The study included three case definitions: primary angle closure/primary angle closure glaucoma (PAC/PACG, N = 180); primary angle closure suspect (PACS, N = 171), and a combined any-angle closure group.

Reactive oxygen species generated in different compartments induce cell death, survival, or senescence.

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-established mediators of oxidative damage and cell demise, the mechanisms by which they trigger specific cell death modalities and the temporal/spatial requirements underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Yet, it is well established that most anticancer therapies depend on ROS production for efficient tumor eradication. Using several non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines, we have dissected how the site of ROS production and accumulation in various cell compartments affect cell fate.

Association of tumor size, location, R.E.N.A.L., PADUA and centrality index score with perioperative outcomes and postoperative renal function.

Purpose: Multiple scoring systems have been proposed to standardize the description of anatomical features of renal tumors. However, it remains unclear which of these systems, if any, is most useful, or whether any performs better than simply reporting tumor size or location in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. To clarify these issues we evaluated the association of tumor size, location, R.

Association of clinical and radiographic features with perinephric "sticky" fat.

Background And Purpose: The discovery of thick, adherent, perinephric sticky fat (PSF) is relatively common during open or laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery. To our knowledge, however, there has been no previous analysis of clinical or radiographic features associated with the development of PSF or of perioperative outcomes for those patients in whom it is found. Our objective is to analyze potential predictive features and determine whether there is any effect on clinical or pathologic outcomes for patients with perinephric sticky fat.

Chronic sazetidine-A at behaviorally active doses does not increase nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rodent brain.

Chronic nicotine administration increases α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density in brain. This up-regulation probably contributes to the development and/or maintenance of nicotine dependence. nAChR up-regulation is believed to be triggered at the ligand binding site, so it is not surprising that other nicotinic ligands also up-regulate nAChRs in the brain.

Mitomycin C-Augmented Trabeculectomy Combined With Single-Site Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery Through a Tunnel Flap Technique.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze short-term outcomes of mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy combined with manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS/Trab).

Design: This was a retrospective, noncomparative single-center case series.

Methods: Records of eyes that underwent MSICS/Trab with mitomycin C performed between January 2006 and May 2007 were reviewed.

Prospective comparison of outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in elderly patients versus younger patients.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to prospectively compare operative and postoperative characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) compared with younger patients.

Patients And Methods: Prospectively collected data from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) Global PCNL Study database were used. Elderly patients were defined as those aged 70 years and above, while younger patients were those between 18 and 70 years of age.

Central retinal artery occlusion secondary to optic disk melanocytoma.

Purpose: To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing associated with an optic disk melanocytoma.

Methods: Retrospective observational case report.

Results: A 29-year-old healthy male adult presented with sudden profound visual loss in the right eye since the past 3 days.

Cheiloscopy: An aid for personal identification.

Aim: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. The aim of this study is to establish the uniqueness of lip prints which aids in personal identification.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised of 200 subjects.

Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery: A Review.

We aim at reviewing published peer-reviewed studies that evaluate the safety and efficacy of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Literature searches of the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were conducted with no date restrictions; the searches were limited to articles published in English only. All publications with at least level II and III evidence were studied and surgical techniques were analyzed.

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma: a case report.

Schwannoma in the head and neck region is very rare. The tumour occurring in the intraparotid facial nerve is even rarer. A patient presenting with a parotid swelling with facial nerve paralysis is not pathognomonic of a facial nerve schwannoma.

Proposed clinical classification for oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, scarring disease, that predominantly affects people of South Asia and South-East Asia, where chewing of arecanut and its commercial preparation is high. Presence of fibrous bands is the main characteristic feature of OSMF. Based on clinical and/or histopathological features of OSMF, various classifications have been put forth till date.

Incidence and long-term outcomes of toxic anterior segment syndrome at Aravind Eye Hospital.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and long-term outcomes of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) at a single institution.

Setting: Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India.

Design: Case series.

Modulation of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle by myostatin is mediated through NF-κB.

Abnormal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines have been observed in the skeletal muscle during muscle wasting including sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms that signal ROS production and prolonged maintenance of ROS levels during muscle wasting are not fully understood. Here, we show that myostatin (Mstn) is a pro-oxidant and signals the generation of ROS in muscle cells.