Publications by authors named "Venkatesan A"

Interplay between the apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress as a host response to dengue viral infections remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 60 dengue infected patients, 20 patients with febrile illness other than dengue (OFI) and 10 non-febrile illness (NFI) patients. DNA damage in the PBMCs was assessed using single cell gel electrophoresis and stages of apoptosis underwent by the PBMCs were studied by Annexin-PI staining using flow cytometry.

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Functional and molecular MRI techniques are capable of measuring biologic properties of tumor tissue. Knowledge of these biological properties may improve radiation treatment by more accurately identifying tumor volumes, characterizing radioresistant subvolumes of tumor before radiation therapy (RT), and identifying recurrent disease after RT. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI, blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI, tissue oxygenation level-dependent MRI, hyperpolarized C MRI, and chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI are relatively new MRI techniques that have shown promise for contributing to RT planning and response assessment.

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Objectives: To determine conditional survival for patients with small renal masses (SRMs) undergoing active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective AS protocol at our institution between May 2005 and January 2016. Patients with SRMs ≤4 cm with serial cross-sectional imaging available in-house for review were included.

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Ten infrequently monitored antibiotics in biosolids were examined in archived American sewage sludges (n = 79) collected as part of the 2006/2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey.

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We investigate the response of quasiperiodically driven nonlinear systems exhibiting strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) to deterministic input signals. We show that if one uses two square waves in an aperiodic manner as input to a quasiperiodically driven double-well Duffing oscillator system, the response of the system can produce logical output controlled by such a forcing. Changing the threshold or biasing of the system changes the output to another logic operation and memory latch.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the use of parallel imaging compressed sensing (PICS) in MRI to decrease scan time and enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during prostate brachytherapy dosimetry.
  • Ten patients undergoing treatment were scanned using advanced MRI techniques, and images were reconstructed with varying acceleration factors to assess image quality.
  • Results showed that PICS allowed for sufficient image quality at acceleration factors up to 4, maintaining SNR and anatomical detail, suggesting it can reduce scan time while improving dosimetry efficiency without requiring additional equipment like an endorectal coil.
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Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a tendency toward urothelial multifocality and is at risk for local and distant spread, most commonly to the lymph nodes, bone, lung, liver, and peritoneum. Pretreatment staging of MIBC should include imaging of the urothelial upper tract for synchronous lesions; imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis for metastases; and MRI pelvis for local staging. CT abdomen and pelvis without and with contrast (CT urogram) is recommended to assess the urothelium and abdominopelvic organs.

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Diagnosis and management of prostate cancer post treatment is a large and complex problem, and care of these patients requires multidisciplinary involvement of imaging, medical, and surgical specialties. Imaging capabilities for evaluation of men with recurrent prostate cancer are rapidly evolving, particularly with PET and MRI. At the same time, treatment options and capabilities are expanding and improving.

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  • Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are promising nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly effective in delivering drugs to activated microglia involved in neuroinflammation.
  • Systemic administration of these dendrimers has led to significant neurological improvements in various brain injury models, including a neonatal rabbit model of cerebral palsy.
  • Research revealed that activated microglia absorb more dendrimers compared to resting ones, using various uptake mechanisms such as endocytosis, pinocytosis, and aquaporin channels, suggesting potential pathways for enhancing drug delivery in CNS treatments.
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Patients harboring germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) gene present with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) that are more likely malignant and clinically aggressive. The combination chemotherapy cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine (CVD) was retrospectively evaluated in patients with SDHB-associated metastatic PPGL.Query Twelve metastatic PPGL patients harboring SDHB mutations/polymorphisms with undetectable SDHB immunostaining were treated with CVD.

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Zika virus (ZIKV), a single-strand RNA flavivirus, is transmitted primarily through Aedes aegypti. The recent outbreaks in America and unexpected association between ZIKV infection and birth defects have triggered the global attention. This vouches to understand the molecular mechanisms of ZIKV infection to develop effective drug therapy.

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Phosphorus (P) is an important and often limiting element in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. A lack of understanding of its distribution and structures in the environment limits the design of effective P mitigation and recovery approaches. Here we developed a robust method employing size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to an ICP-MS to determine the molecular weight (MW) distribution of P in environmental samples.

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The universally conserved signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway that mediates co-translational targeting of membrane and secretory proteins is essential for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis SRP pathway consists of 2 proteins, Ffh and FtsY, and a 4.5S RNA molecule.

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In this article, we present a joint effort of the wheat research community, along with data and ontology experts, to develop wheat data interoperability guidelines. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems and devices to cooperate and exchange data, and interpret that shared information. Interoperability is a growing concern to the wheat scientific community, and agriculture in general, as the need to interpret the deluge of data obtained through high-throughput technologies grows.

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Mycobacterium smegmatis, a rapidly growing non-pathogenic mycobacterium, is currently used as a model organism to study mycobacterial genetics. Acetamidase of M. smegmatis is the highly inducible enzyme of Mycobacteria, which utilizes several amide compounds as sole carbon and nitrogen sources.

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Oncogenomic studies indicate that copy number variation (CNV) alters genes involved in tumor progression; however, identification of specific driver genes affected by CNV has been difficult, as these rearrangements are often contained in large chromosomal intervals among several bystander genes. Here, we addressed this problem and identified a CNV-targeted oncogene by performing comparative oncogenomics of human and zebrafish melanomas. We determined that the gene encoding growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), which is the ligand for the BMP family, is recurrently amplified and transcriptionally upregulated in melanoma.

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Re-emergence of ZIKV has caused infections in more than 1.5 million people. The molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of ZIKV is not well explored due to unavailability of adequate model and lack of publically accessible resources to provide information of ZIKV-Human protein interactome map till today.

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Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) was used to detect Ti-containing particles in heavily-used bathing areas of a river (Salt River) and five swimming pools. Ti-containing particle concentrations in swimming pools ranged from 2.8 × 10 to 4.

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Europe PMC (https://europepmc.org) is a comprehensive resource of biomedical research publications that offers advanced tools for search, retrieval, and interaction with the scientific literature. This article outlines new developments since 2014.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to compare brain metabolism patterns in patients with anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis (AE) using FDG-PET/CT imaging, focusing on how these patterns differ between disability groups.
  • It involved a retrospective review of clinical data and FDG-PET/CT scans from a decade of patients treated at an academic medical center, establishing Z-score maps for analysis against age-matched controls.
  • The findings revealed significant hypometabolism in the occipital lobes of anti-NMDA receptor patients, indicating this may be an early biomarker for distinguishing this type of AE and correlating with neurological status improvement.
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Purpose: To explore the effects of noise and error on kinetic analyses of tumor metabolism using hyperpolarized [1- C] pyruvate.

Methods: Numerical simulations were performed to systematically investigate the effects of noise, the number of unknowns, and error in kinetic parameter estimates on kinetic analysis of the apparent rate of chemical conversion from hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate (k ). A pharmacokinetic model with two physical and two chemical pools of hyperpolarized spins was used to generate and analyze the synthetic data.

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NMDAR encephalitis is a common cause of autoimmune encephalitis, predominantly affecting young adults. Current data supports the idea that autoantibodies targeting NMDARs are responsible for disease pathogenesis. While these autoantibodies occur in the setting of underlying malignancy in approximately half of all patients, initiating factors for the autoimmune response in the remainder of patients are unclear.

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Lactobacillus mucosae strain AN1 isolated from sheep milk and characterized for its probiotic suitability. In vitro evaluation of critical gut endurance properties of this strain were assessed by different screening methods such as bile salt, gastric acid, lysozyme tolerance assays, hemolytic, cholesterol reduction properties, and HT-29 cell line adhesion assay. Antibacterial peptide from this strain was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is highly cell associated when grown in culture and has a much higher (4,000- to 20,000-fold increased) particle-to-PFU ratio than herpes simplex virus (HSV). In contrast, VZV is highly infectious by airborne transmission. Neurons are major targets for VZV ; in neurons, the virus can establish latency and reactivate to produce infectious virus.

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The tremendous growth in biological data has resulted in an increase in the number of research papers being published. This presents a great challenge for scientists in searching and assimilating facts described in those papers. Particularly, biological databases depend on curators to add highly precise and useful information that are usually extracted by reading research articles.

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