Long-term safety and effectiveness of azathioprine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A real-world experience.

Background And Aim: Azathioprine (AZA) forms the cornerstone for maintenance of sustained remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is apprehension regarding the long-term effectiveness and safety of AZA in IBD. We present our experience with AZA use and outcomes in a cohort of IBD patients followed up over a long period of time.

Pathobiology of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is highly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Given its high heterogeneity in patients along with unpredictable clinical outcomes, MAFLD is difficult to diagnose and manage. MAFLD is associated with obesity, diabetes, metabolic derangements, lipid disorders, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, sarcopenia, gut dysbiosis, and sex hormone-related disorders.

Indian consensus statements on irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A guideline by the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association and jointly supported by the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association (INMA), earlier named the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association developed this evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 28 statements, which were concerning diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and comorbidities, investigations, lifestyle modifications and treatments. Owing to the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdowns and mobility restrictions, web-based meetings and electronic voting were the major tools used to develop this consensus.

Defaecation disorders among information technology personnel: A cross-sectional study.

Background Individuals working in the information technology (IT) industry are likely to develop lifestyle disorders. We aimed to determine the presence of defaecation-related disorders in IT personnel in Chennai. Methods This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was done from June to December 2018.

Clinicopathological Profile and Outcome of a Large Cohort of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease from South Asia: Interim Results of the Indian Consortium on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Previous data from South Asia and India had shown that patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have mild liver disease severity. There are no data regarding long-term clinical outcomes in patients with NAFLD from South Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinicopathological profile, severity of NAFLD, and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with NAFLD from South Asia.

Inflammatory bowel disease: An Indian perspective.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in recent times is causing a significant healthcare burden as both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) require lifelong therapy and constant monitoring. The current review highlights the concerns in a country like India with special reference to the changing trends of IBD, risk attribution and the financial issues. Indian immigrants behave like residential Indians, whereas their children show IBD prevalence similar to the West, highlighting the role of environmental triggers.

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Bhubaneswar Consensus Report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) felt the need to organize a consensus on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and to update the current management of H. pylori infection; hence, ISG constituted the ISG's Task Force on Helicobacter pylori.

Rodenticide ingestion is an important cause of acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu, southern India.

Background And Aim: Though rodenticidal hepatotoxicity is reported from India, there is no systematic study to assess its magnitude. This study aimed to assess exposure to rodenticide as a risk factor for acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed acute hepatotoxicity caused by ingestion of hepatotoxin or potentially hepatotoxic drug overdose across 15 hospitals in 6 districts of Tamil Nadu from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2019.

Role of N-acetyl Cysteine in Post-transarterial Chemoembolization Transaminitis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-center Experience.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most common locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postembolization syndrome is not an uncommon complication. At present, there is no specific treatment for management of this complication.

The Indian Network of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Etiology, Clinical Features, Outcome and Prognostic Markers in 1288 Patients.

Background: Etiology of and outcomes following idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) vary geographically. We conducted a prospective study of DILI in India, from 2013 to 2018 and summarize the causes, clinical features, outcomes and predictors of mortality.

Methods: We enrolled patients with DILI using international DILI expert working group criteria and Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method.

Serum C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of survival in cirrhotic patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and bacterial infection.

Background: Cirrhotic patients are prone to infections due to underlying immune dysfunction in them. We aimed to study the role of inflammatory markers, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in predicting infection, blood culture positivity, and short-term (1 month) mortality in hospitalized cirrhotic patients.

Methods: This prospective study was done over a period of 14 months (October 2017 to November 2018).

Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in acute liver failure due to yellow phosphorus poisoning.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been utilized in various liver disorders. There is limited data on the efficacy of TPE in patients with acute liver failure (ALF).

Methods: Study group consisted of patients who underwent TPE for ALF due to yellow phosphorous poisoning (YPP) between 2015 and 2019.

Retrospective study on symptoms and treatment modalities used and short-term follow up of achalasia cardia in Indian setting.

Background: Achalasia cardia is a rare esophageal motor disorder that is frequently diagnosed late.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the symptoms, treatment given, and response to treatment in patients with achalasia cardia in an Indian setting.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with achalasia cardia on high-resolution esophageal manometry, using Chicago Classification v 3.

Predictors of immediate and short-term mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Background: There is scarce data from the Indian subcontinent on the outcomes following spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

Aim: To study the immediate (within 30 days) and short-term mortality (31-90 days) associated with SBP and to determine the predictors of the same.

Methods: This prospective observational study was done among patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent paracentesis.

Explant liver evaluation decodes the mystery of cryptogenic cirrhosis!

Background And Aim: To determine the concordance of liver explants with the pretransplant diagnosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 251 liver explants. Patient information included demography, comorbidity, and etiological diagnosis.