The evolutionary saga of circumcision from a religious perspective.

Circumcision is the oldest surgical operation known to mankind. It probably originated as a less radical form of genital mutilation inflicted on prisoners of war. Over time it was adopted by the Egyptian priesthood and nobility, perhaps inspired by the mythology of Osiris.

Controversies of Sex Re-assignment in Genetic Males with Congenital Inadequacy of the Penis.

Sex assignment in 46XY genetic male children with congenital inadequacy of the penis (CIP) is controversial. Traditionally, children with penile length less than 2 cm at birth are considered unsuitable to be raised as males. They are typically re-assigned to female-sex and feminizing genitoplasty is usually done in infancy.

Choice of Repairing Inguinal Hernia in Children: Open Versus Laparoscopy.

Inguinal hernia is a common disorder of childhood that requires surgical repair at diagnosis. Traditionally, it is operated upon by open inguinal incision. However, with the introduction of laparoscopic repair in 1990, opinion of scientific community is divided concerning the best method of pediatric herniotomy.

Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis mimicking soft-tissue sarcoma in children.

Aim: Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis (EM) is an uncommon fungal infection of childhood. This article is intended to draw the attention of pediatric surgeons to the fact that EM can mimic soft-tissue tumor.

Methods: It is a retrospective review of 16 children treated for subcutaneous EM between 2000 and 2013.

Sixth cranial nerve palsy due to arachnoid cyst.

Sixth cranial nerve palsy is an extremely rare complication of an arachnoid cyst. A 4-year-old boy who presented with left abducens palsy and a subdural hygroma complicating arachnoid cyst is discussed. Comprehensive review of the world literature revealed only 12 additional cases.

Sixth cranial nerve palsy due to arachnoid cyst.

Sixth cranial nerve palsy is an extremely rare complication of an arachnoid cyst. A 4-year-old boy who presented with left abducens palsy and a subdural hygroma complicating arachnoid cyst is discussed. Comprehensive review of the world literature revealed only 12 additional cases.

A new technique of placing the peritoneal end of syringoperitoneal shunt.

Objective: Syringoperitoneal shunt is an established method of treating syringomyelia. Syringeal end of the shunt is usually inserted to the patient in prone position, and the peritoneal end is inserted in supine position. This necessitates intraoperative repositioning of patient.

Spontaneous perforation of the colon and rectum complicating anorectal malformations in neonates.

Background: Spontaneous perforation of the colon is a rare complication in neonates with anorectal malformations (ARMs). There are no detailed studies concerning this complication.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of hospital records between 1994 and 2010 revealed 8 cases of bowel perforation among 136 cases of ARM.

Knowledge of ancient Hindu surgeons on Hirschsprung disease: evidence from Sushruta Samhita of circa 1200-600 BC.

Background: Congenital megacolon is eponymously named after Harold Hirschsprung, who accurately described the clinical features in 1886. Recent research revealed that this condition is perhaps well known for centuries before him.

Aim: This article is intended to examine if ancient Hindu surgeons knew about congenital megacolon.

Epididymo-orchitis complicating anorectal malformations: collective review of 41 cases.

Purpose: Epididymo-orchitis is a devastating complication of imperforate anus. Without proper treatment the condition may result in infertility. Nevertheless, the exact etiology and optimal management of epididymo-orchitis in anorectal malformation are unknown.

A modification of Winter's shunt in the treatment of pediatric low-flow priapism.

Purpose: Cavernous shunt operations available for treating priapism are frequently unsuitable for children owing to high chances of persistent venous leak that results in postoperative erectile dysfunction. In this article, a modification of Winter's shunt, which is suitable for treating low-flow priapism in children, is described.

Methods And Patients: Using a large bore needle, multiple punctures were made in the tip of corpora cavernosa through the glans.

Reconstruction of traumatically avulsed parotid duct using buccal mucosa flap: report of a new technique.

Injury to parotid duct is frequently overlooked especially in multiple injuries settings. Consequently they are rarely reported in the literature. Treatment of these injuries is highly controversial.

Releasing of zipper-entrapped foreskin: a novel nonsurgical technique.

This report describes a novel technique of releasing the zipper-entrapped penile skin. The thin blade of a small screwdriver is inserted between the outer and inner faceplates of the zip fastener, and twisting movement is made toward the median bar. This will widen the gap between faceplates disengaging the prepuce.