This systematic review evaluates the impact and implementation strategies of the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) across diverse healthcare settings since its introduction in 2008. Our comprehensive analysis synthesizes findings from various study designs, including randomized controlled trials, qualitative studies, and meta-analyses, focusing on the checklist's effectiveness in reducing surgical complications and enhancing safety cultures within surgical teams. Despite its widespread endorsement and documented benefits, the review highlights significant variability in implementation quality and adherence, influenced by cultural, institutional, and procedural factors.
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