Theory-based implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for cranial surgery.

Objective: There is growing evidence for the use of enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) in cranial surgery. As they become widespread, successful implementation of these complex interventions will become a challenge for neurosurgical teams owing to the need for multidisciplinary engagement. Here, the authors describe the novel use of an implementation framework (normalization process theory [NPT]) to promote the incorporation of a cranial surgery ERP into routine neuro-oncology practice.

The Carbon Catalogue, carbon footprints of 866 commercial products from 8 industry sectors and 5 continents.

Product carbon footprints (PCFs) are playing an increasing role in decisions around sustainability for companies and consumers. Using data reported to CDP, we have previously built a dataset of 866 PCFs, from 145 companies, 30 industry groups, and 28 countries, showing trends of how upstream and downstream emissions vary by industry and how life cycle assessment (LCA) appears to aid companies in achieving steeper carbon reductions through improvements throughout a product's value chain. Here, we present the greenhouse gas emissions and respective meta data for every product in this dataset.

Azithromycin for Poorly Controlled Asthma in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Azithromycin has immunomodulatory actions, and its beneficial effects have been demonstrated in asthmatic adults. Data on children are limited.

Research Question: Does the addition of oral azithromycin to standard therapy in children with poorly controlled asthma improve asthma control compared with standard treatment alone?

Study Design And Methods: This open-label randomized controlled trial included children (5-15 years of age) with poorly controlled asthma defined by Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (CACT) score of ≤ 19.

Foramen magnum osteochondroma causing myelopathy in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses.

Background: Osteochondromas are commonly occurring benign bone tumors which may be either a solitary lesion or occur due to association with hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs). There have been several reported cases of spinal osteochondromas, but intracranial lesions are rare.

Case Description: A 51-year-old male with a history of multiple osteochondromas presented with myelopathy.

Indian Academy of Cytologists National Guidelines for Cytopathology Laboratories for Handling Suspected and Positive COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patient Samples.

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This scenario has impacted the way we practice cytopathology. Cytology laboratories receive fresh and potentially infectious biological samples including those from the respiratory tract, from COVID-19 positive or suspected patients.

Carbon emissions embodied in product value chains and the role of Life Cycle Assessment in curbing them.

Life cycle-based analyses are considered crucial for designing product value chains towards lower carbon emissions. We have used data reported by companies to CDP for public disclosure to build a database of 866 product carbon footprints (PCFs), from 145 companies, 30 industries, and 28 countries. We used this database to elucidate the breakdown of embodied carbon emissions across products' value chains, how this breakdown varies by industry, and whether the reported emission reductions vary with the granularity of the PCF.

Indian Academy of Cytologists Guidelines for Collection, Preparation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Serous Effusion Fluid Samples.

Unlabelled: Cytological examination plays an important role in the initial work-up of the serous cavity effusion fluids to find out the possible etiology as benign or malignant. Among malignant effusions, cytology is helpful in determining the exact type, site, and stage of the tumor. However, for reporting effusion cytology specimens, there is no consistent and reproducible reporting system.

Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Glioma Resections in Awake or Asleep Settings and Feasibility in the Context of a Public Health System.

Background: Despite the most recent surgical aids and tools, surgical removal of infiltrating brain tumors remains a challenge. Unclear margins, edematous areas, and infiltrative behavior are the main causes for failing gross total removals. Also, excessive resection of peri-tumoral tissue often carries risks of damaging the nearby functioning cortical and subcortical structures with an unacceptable decrease in patient's quality of life and postoperative functional status, and the risk of making patients not eligible to adjuvant treatments.

Urocytological evaluation of pemphigus patients on long term cyclophosphamide therapy: A cross sectional study.

Background: Cyclophosphamide therapy is associated with several urological complications including urinary bladder malignancy. Data on urologic complications of chronic cyclophosphamide therapy for dermatologic conditions is not available.

Objectives: To study the urocytological profile of pemphigus patients on long-term cyclophosphamide therapy.

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of metastatic malignant diffuse type tenosynovial giant cell tumor.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCTs) arise from the synovium of joint, bursa, and tendon sheath, and are classified into localized and diffuse types. Diffused type often affects the large joint, and has more recurrence, metastasis, and malignant transformation potential compared to the localized type. Malignant diffused TGCT (D-TGCT) usually occurs as a large tumor (>5 cm), in older patients, and its histopathologic features include necrosis, cellular anaplasia, prominent nucleoli, high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, brisk mitosis, discohesion of tumor cells, paucity of giant cells, and a diffuse growth pattern.

Dyad content is reduced in cardiac myocytes of mice with impaired calmodulin regulation of RyR2.

In cardiac muscle, calmodulin (CaM) regulates the activity of several membrane proteins involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis (CaV1.2; RyR2, SERCA2, PMCA). Three engineered amino acid substitutions in the CaM binding site of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in mice (Ryr2 (ADA/ADA) ) strongly affect cardiac function, with impaired CaM inhibition of RyR2, reduced SR Ca(2+) sequestration, and early cardiac hypertrophy and death (Yamaguchi et al.

Overexpression of junctophilin-2 does not enhance baseline function but attenuates heart failure development after cardiac stress.

Heart failure is accompanied by a loss of the orderly disposition of transverse (T)-tubules and a decrease of their associations with the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR). Junctophilin-2 (JP2) is a structural protein responsible for jSR/T-tubule docking. Animal models of cardiac stresses demonstrate that down-regulation of JP2 contributes to T-tubule disorganization, loss of excitation-contraction coupling, and heart failure development.

Abnormal calcium cycling and cardiac arrhythmias associated with the human Ser96Ala genetic variant of histidine-rich calcium-binding protein.

Background: A human genetic variant (Ser96Ala) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding (HRC) protein has been linked to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the precise mechanisms affecting SR function and leading to arrhythmias remain elusive.

Methods And Results: We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of human Ala96 HRC or Ser96 HRC in the null background to assess function in absence of endogenous protein.

Diagnosis of primary cerebral lymphomas: possible value of PCR testing in equivocal cases requiring rebiopsy.

INTRODUCTION. Rebiopsy rates as high as 12% have been reported in previous studies of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL). This can lead to secondary operations, increasing risks of morbidity to the patient and costs for the NHS.

Clinical profile of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis at a tertiary centre: a prospective study.

Objective: To study the varied presentations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH), the differential diagnosis of the varied presentations and the time lag in achieving the diagnosis. Prospective analysis of children diagnosed to have LCH over a period of 51 mo was done. A complete history and physical examination was undertaken in all patients, followed by relevant laboratory and radiological evaluation.

Sudden cardiac death risk stratification in patients with heart failure.

The multiplicity of mechanisms contributing to arrhythmogenesis in patients with heart failure carries obvious implications for risk stratification. If patients having the propensity to develop arrhythmias by these different mechanisms are to be identified, tests must be devised that reveal the substrates or other factors that relate to each mechanism. In the absence of this, efforts to risk stratify patients are likely to be neither cost-effective nor accurate.

Safety of nerve conduction studies in patients with peripheral intravenous lines.

Nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be deferred because of a perceived risk of cardiac arrhythmia in the presence of same-limb peripheral intravenous lines. Patients with implanted pacemakers or defibrillators provide a model in whom this risk can be assessed. Twenty patients, seven with pacemakers and 13 with defibrillators, had peripheral intravenous lines placed during routine care and underwent NCS in the same limb.