Serum albumin is the strongest predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease in resource-constrained regions lacking therapeutic drug monitoring.

Background/aims: Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents (January 2005-October 2020) were ambispectively included.

Thromboembolism is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study.

Background: The information on the risk of thromboembolism (TE) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its predictors are lacking, especially from developing countries. The present study evaluated the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of TE in IBD.

Methods: This case-control study included 35 patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC, n = 25]; Crohn's disease [CD], n = 10) and history of TE, from a cohort of 3597 patients (UC n = 2752, CD n = 845) under follow-up from 2005 to 2018.

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Bhubaneswar Consensus Report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) felt the need to organize a consensus on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and to update the current management of H. pylori infection; hence, ISG constituted the ISG's Task Force on Helicobacter pylori.

Long-term outcomes of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and surgery in nonperianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.

Background: Unlike perianal fistula, long-term outcomes of nonperianal fistulae (NPF) in Crohn's disease (CD) are not clear. We aimed to compare the outcomes of medical and surgical therapies in patients with NPF.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients of CD with NPF who were prospectively followed from January 2005 to December 2018.

Combination of sarcopenia and high visceral fat predict poor outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Sarcopenia and visceral fat independently predict poor outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD). However, combined influence of these parameters on outcomes is unknown, and was investigated in the present study.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated skeletal muscle index (SMI-cross-sectional area of five skeletal muscles normalized for height), visceral and subcutaneous fat area and their ratio (VF/SC) on single-slice computed tomography (CT) images at L3 vertebrae in CD patients (CT done: January 2012-December 2015, patients followed till December 2019).

Antitubercular Therapy Given to Differentiate Crohn's Disease From Intestinal Tuberculosis Predisposes to Stricture Formation.

Background And Aim: Treatment trial with antitubercular therapy [ATT] is a common strategy in tuberculosis-endemic countries in case of a diagnostic dilemma between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease [CD]. Our aim was to determine the long-term clinical course of patients who received ATT before an eventual diagnosis of CD was made.

Methods: We performed retrospective comparison between CD patients who received ≥6 months of ATT vs those who did not receive ATT.

Predictors of long-term outcomes in patients with acute severe colitis: A northern Indian cohort study.

Background And Aim: Knowledge of long-term outcomes following an index episode of acute severe colitis (ASC) can help informed decision making at a time of acute exacerbation especially when colectomy is an option. We aimed to identify long-term outcomes and their predictors after a first episode of ASC in a large North Indian cohort.

Methods: Hospitalized patients satisfying Truelove and Witts' criteria under follow-up at a single center from January 2003 to December 2013 were included.

Low dose oral curcumin is not effective in induction of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: Results from a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the role of oral curcumin in inducing clinical remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing the remission inducing effect of oral curcumin and mesalamine 2.4 g with placebo and mesalamine 2.

Accuracy of computed tomographic features in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) can noninvasively image the entire gastrointestinal tract and assess extraintestinal features that are important in differentiating Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). The present meta-analysis pooled the results of all studies on the role of CT abdomen in differentiating between CD and ITB. We searched PubMed and Embase for all publications in English that analyzed the features differentiating between CD and ITB on abdominal CT.

Evaluating clinical, dietary, and psychological risk factors for relapse of ulcerative colitis in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission.

Background And Aim: The literature on possible factors that could trigger a relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission on long-term follow up is scarce. To determine the relapse rate in patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission and identify factors that may influence the risk of relapse.

Methods: Patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission were enrolled between January and July 2010 and followed up for 1 year to determine the effect of clinical, dietary, and psychological factors on relapse.

Development and validation of visceral fat quantification as a surrogate marker for differentiation of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis.

Background And Aim: Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) have close phenotypic resemblance. Mesenteric fat (a component of visceral fat [VF]) hypertrophy and fat wrapping, which is visible radiologically as fibrofatty proliferation, is seen more commonly in CD than in ITB.

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the role of VF in differentiating CD and ITB.

Prevalence and Association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with Disease Course in Patients with Ulcero-Constrictive Ileocolonic Disease.

Background: Association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease (CD) has been controversial due to contradictory reports. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of MAP in patients with CD and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and its association with clinical course.

Methodology: Blood and intestinal biopsies were taken from 69 CD, 32 ITB patients and 41 patients with haemorrhoidal bleed who served as controls.

Frequency, natural course and clinical significance of symptomatic terminal ileitis.

Objective: Treatment guidelines for managing symptomatic terminal ileitis (TI) are lacking. We followed up a cohort of symptomatic TI patients to conduct an algorithm for their management.

Methods: Consecutive patients with symptomatic TI from July 2007 to October 2013 were included.

Atrophic gastritis with high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is a predominant feature in patients with dyspepsia in a high altitude area.

Background: Dyspepsia is a common symptom in residents of Leh, a high-altitude region in Ladakh, India. Helicobacter pylori related gastritis is a common cause of such symptoms. However data regarding this association at high altitudes is sparse.

Computerized tomography-based predictive model for differentiation of Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis.

Background: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) have clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological resemblance. There is paucity of literature regarding differentiation of CD and ITB based on radiology using computed tomography (CT).

Aims: The present study was designed to compare CT features of ITB and CD and develop a predictive model to differentiate ITB and CD.

Serum human trefoil factor 3 is a biomarker for mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients with minimal disease activity.

Background: The goals of treating ulcerative colitis (UC) have shifted from clinical remission to mucosal healing. Non-invasive biomarkers are required to assess mucosal healing as endoscopic assessment is inconvenient for patients. Enhanced expression of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, a mucin-associated peptide) is observed after injury of the gastrointestinal tract.

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal tuberculosis: Frequency and relation with disease phenotype.

Background: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), as well as intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) from Asia, are underreported. We, therefore, describe the prevalence of EIMs in Indian IBD and ITB patients and study their relationship with disease extent and severity in IBD.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included all IBD and ITB patients evaluated from January 2005 to July 2012.

Effect of probiotic VSL#3 in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) impairs daily functioning and health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease (CLD). Lactulose is the standard treatment but has side-effects. Probiotics have an encouraging role in MHE.