Behavioral responses of a parasitoid fly to rapidly evolving host signals.

Animals eavesdrop on signals and cues generated by prey, predators, hosts, parasites, competing species, and conspecifics, and the conspicuousness of sexual signals makes them particularly susceptible. Yet, when sexual signals evolve, most attention is paid to impacts on intended receivers (potential mates) rather than fitness consequences for eavesdroppers. Using the rapidly evolving interaction between the Pacific field cricket, , and the parasitoid fly, , we asked how parasitoids initially respond to novel changes in host signals.

Effects of Fire on Ground-Dwelling Spider (Araneae) Assemblages in Central Indiana Forests.

Fire is a natural disturbance that occurs in many temperate and tropical ecosystems worldwide. As ubiquitous members of these ecosystems, spiders (Araneae) are often affected by fire, and their response to this disturbance has been shown to be dependent on taxonomy, functional diversity, seasonality, and a variety of environmental factors. We examined the effect of fire on ground-dwelling spider assemblages in temperate forests in central Indiana over 5 yr and found that spider assemblages were significantly affected by fire disturbance.

The COVID-19 Army Rapid Assessment Tool (CARAT) for Management of COVID-19 in the Deployed Setting.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges within the austere clinical setting, and the time between patient presentation and deterioration is a critical opportunity for intervention. In some cases, this may be a life-saving transfer to a higher level of care. US Central Command (CENTCOM) has provided valuable guidance for COVID-19 management in the operational environment,1 and has proposed the National Early Warning System 2 (NEWS2) scoring tool as a useful adjunct to gauging illness severity.

Complications in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: An Analysis of More than 100,000 Blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Complications in pediatric regional anesthesia are rare, so a large sample size is necessary to quantify risk. The Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network contains data on more than 100,000 blocks administered at more than 20 children's hospitals. This study analyzed the risk of major complications associated with regional anesthesia in children.

History of posttraumatic stress disorder · priapism · Dx?

A 35-year-old African-American man, who was an active duty service member, presented to the Troop Medical Clinic with a 4-hour history of priapism. He had been taking sertraline 100 mg and prazosin 10 mg nightly for 4 months to treat his posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with no reported adverse effects. These doses were titrated 2 months prior to presentation.

Activation of p53 in Immature Myeloid Precursor Cells Controls Differentiation into Ly6cCD103 Monocytic Antigen-Presenting Cells in Tumors.

CD103 dendritic cells are critical for cross-presentation of tumor antigens. Here we have shown that during immunotherapy, large numbers of cells expressing CD103 arose in murine tumors via direct differentiation of Ly6c monocytic precursors. These Ly6cCD103 cells could derive from bone-marrow monocytic progenitors (cMoPs) or from peripheral cells present within the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population.

Implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol in pediatric colorectal surgery.

Purpose: Enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) have been shown to improve outcomes in adult surgical populations. Our purpose was to compare outcomes before and after implementation of an ERP in children undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Methods: A pediatric-specific colorectal ERP was developed and implemented at a single center starting in January 2015.

Pain-only complaint about cochlear implant device: A five-patient pediatric experience.

Objectives: To present the case histories and management of five pediatric patients who experienced pain at the receiver-stimulator site, but no other indication that the device was failing. Patients were from a sole-surgeon pediatric practice (600 + implant surgeries before June 2013; about even proportions of Advanced Bionics, Cochlear Corporation, and MED-EL devices).

Methods: The University Institutional Review Board-approved review of sole-surgeon pediatric case series.

Risk and Resilience in Pediatric Chronic Pain: Exploring the Protective Role of Optimism.

Objective: Fear of pain and pain catastrophizing are prominent risk factors for pediatric chronic pain-related maladjustment. Although resilience has largely been ignored in the pediatric pain literature, prior research suggests that optimism might benefit youth and can be learned. We applied an adult chronic pain risk-resilience model to examine the interplay of risk factors and optimism on functioning outcomes in youth with chronic pain.

Management of refractory pain in hospitalized adolescents with sickle cell disease: changing from intravenous opioids to continuous infusion epidural analgesia.

Background: Prolonged hospitalizations for sickle cell disease painful episodes are not uncommon, as analgesic options are often suboptimal.

Observations: Seven patients (15.4 ± 3.

Integrated multimodal genetic testing of Ewing sarcoma--a single-institution experience.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive malignant small round cell tumor that arises in bone or soft tissue of adolescents and young adults. A characteristic molecular finding in ES is EWSR1 gene fusion with ETS (erythroblast transformation-specific) family genes including FLI1 (~90%) and ERG (>5%). Here we report our experience using integrated clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of 32 pediatric patients with ES diagnosed in a single institution between 2005 and 2011.

Pediatric chronic orchalgia.

Introduction: Chronic orchalgia, defined as testicular pain lasting > 3 months and interfering with normal activities, is neglected in the pediatric literature. We describe our experience with the evaluation and treatment of pediatric chronic orchalgia patients.

Materials And Methods: Charts were screened to identify patients meeting the criteria for chronic orchalgia.

Overexpression of protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B in adipocytes inhibits insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity without altering glucose transport or Akt/Protein kinase B activation.

Previous studies suggested that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) antagonizes insulin action by catalyzing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and/or other key proteins in the insulin signaling pathway. In adipose tissue and muscle of obese humans and rodents, PTP1B expression is increased, which led to the hypothesis that PTP1B plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Consistent with this, mice in which the PTP1B gene was disrupted exhibit increased insulin sensitivity.

Targeting of constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinase to GLUT4-containing vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Constitutive activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) stimulates glucose transport and GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. To determine whether a direct interaction of PI3K with GLUT4-containing vesicles (hereafter called GLUT4 vesicles) is important for the effect of insulin on GLUT4 translocation, we targeted constitutively active PI3K to GLUT4 vesicles. We fused the inter-Src homology region 2 of the regulatory p85alpha subunit of PI3K (iSH2) either to a C-terminal sequence of GLUT4 (G4c, amino acids 406-509) or to this region and the N-terminal tail of GLUT4 (G4n, amino acids 1-19), resulting in the fusion proteins iSH2-G4c and G4n-iSH2-G4c, respectively.

Hepatic glucose disposition during concomitant portal glucose and amino acid infusions in the dog.

The effect of concomitant intraportal infusion of glucose and gluconeogenic amino acids (AA) on net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) and glycogen synthesis was examined in 42-h-fasted dogs. After a basal period, there was a 240-min experimental period during which somatostatin was infused continuously into a peripheral vein and insulin and glucagon (at 3-fold basal and basal rates, respectively) and glucose (18.3 mumol.

CLS advanced degrees and career enhancement. Part 2--A comparison of perceptions.

Objective: To determine whether recipients of clinical laboratory science (CLS) advanced degrees (MS) perceive greater career enhancement value related to earning an advanced degree than is perceived by their baccalaureate level (BS) colleagues.

Design: Two questionnaires were used-one for certified or licensed CLS professionals who had earned MS CLS degrees; the other for matched BS CLS colleagues.

Setting: Five academic programs that conduct both National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences accredited CLS education and CLS MS degree programs participated.

CLS advanced degrees and career enhancement. Part 1--Comparison of career data.

Objective: Determine whether recipients of clinical laboratory science (CLS) advanced degrees (MS) experience greater career achievements than their baccalaureate level (BS) colleagues.

Design: Two similar questionnaires were used-one for certified or licensed CLS professionals who had earned advanced CLS degrees (MS); the other for matched BS CLS colleagues.

Setting: Five academic programs that conduct both National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences accredited CLS education and CLS MS degree programs participated.

Retroviral transfer of a bacterial alkyltransferase gene (ada) into human bone marrow cells protects against O6-benzylguanine plus 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity.

The antitumor activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) is limited by the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) in tumor cells and by delayed myelosuppression. Inactivation of neoplastic ATase by O6-benzylguanine (BG) improves the therapeutic index for BCNU. We have demonstrated previously that BG + BCNU-induced myelosuppression in mice is reduced by expression of the BG-resistant ATase ada in murine bone marrow.

Neural and pancreatic influences on net hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.

The role of the liver nerves in the disposition of peripherally administered glucose was examined in seven hepatic innervated (HI) and nine hepatic denervated (HD) 42-h-fasted conscious dogs. After a 40-min basal period, there was a 4-h experimental period during which the hepatic glucose load was increased twofold via peripheral glucose infusion. Somatostatin was infused to suppress pancreatic endocrine secretion, and insulin and glucagon were infused intraportally to produce a fourfold increase in insulin and a gradual decrease (approximately 25%) in glucagon.

Changes in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression during immortalization of cloned human fibroblasts.

Suppressed expression of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), characterized as the Mer- phenotype, occurs only in malignant or transformed cell lines. To investigate the relationship between the transformation process and loss of MGMT expression, we derived 20 cloned lines of IMR90 normal fibroblasts transfected with the plasmid pSV3neo expressing the SV40 large-T antigen. Of the five lines that were grown until crisis phase, four emerged as continuously proliferating immortal lines.

From chart tracking to workflow management.

The current interest in system-wide integration appears to be based on the assumption that an organization, by digitizing information and accepting a common standard for the exchange of such information, will improve the accessibility of this information and automatically experience benefits resulting from its more productive use. We do not dispute this reasoning, but assert that an organization's capacity for effective change is proportional to the understanding of the current structure among its personnel. Our workflow manager is based on the use of a Parameterized Petri Net (PPN) model which can be configured to represent an arbitrarily detailed picture of an organization.

Effects of information feedback and pulse oximetry on the incidence of anesthesia complications.

No standard outcome measures exist to evaluate the effect of interventions intended to improve the quality of anesthesia care. The authors established a clinically practical definition of outcome, and used it to assess the effect of feedback of information about complications and the effect of pulse oximetry on the rate and severity of important anesthesia-related problems encountered in the operating room (OR) and recovery room (RR). On admission to the RR, the patient's anesthetist documented Recovery-Room-Impact Events (RRIE), defined as an "unanticipated, undesirable, possibly anesthesia-related effect that required intervention, was pertinent to recovery-room care, and did or could cause at least moderate morbidity.