Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy.

One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients eventually develop diabetic neuropathy.

Role of GLP-1 Analogs in the Management of Diabetes and its Secondary Complication.

The cardiovascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) including myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease and, stroke and retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are microvascular complications. While the newer therapies like glitazones or even Dipeptidyl- peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors increase the risk of therapy, the Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs), were reported as suitable alternates. The GLP-1RAs reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), have anti-atherogenic potential, and possess pleiotropic activity.

Current Trends in the Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes Management.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus is caused due by the destruction of pancreatic β-cell or due to insulin resistance and characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes imposes a very serious economic crisis as the diabetic drug market is growing very rapidly.

Design of antimicrobial polycaprolactam nanocomposite by immobilizing subtilisin conjugated Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Preparation of the gold core and silver shell NP (AuAgNP) is challenging because of the facile oxidation of silver. Here such a NP is carefully synthesized and conjugated with subtilisin to arrive at a stable spherical material of 120-130 nm in diameter (AuAgSNP). A biomaterial prepared by immobilizing AuAgSNP on polycaprolactam (PCL) exhibits antibiofilm properties against S.

Design of a papain immobilized antimicrobial food package with curcumin as a crosslinker.

Contamination of food products by spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms during post process handling is one of the major causes for food spoilage and food borne illnesses. The present green sustainable approach describes the covalent immobilization of papain to LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and PCL (polycaprolactam) with curcumin as the photocrosslinker. About 50% of curcumin and 82-92% of papain were successfully immobilized on these polymers.

Functionalized polycaprolactam as an active food package for antibiofilm activity and extended shelf life.

Papain is covalently crosslinked on polycaprolactam and tested as a wrapper for packaging cottage cheese, against E. coli biofilm. The bacterial count on neat polycaprolactam (NP) was 50×10(6)/ml on the 5th day which dramatically increased to 300×10(6) colony forming units (CFU)/ml by the end of 30th day.

Chalcone coating on cotton cloth - an approach to reduce attachment of live microbes.

Drug resistant bacteria are a major threat to humans, especially those which mediate nosocomial infections. In this paper, three different 4-sulfonylmethyl chalcones are coated onto cotton cloths with acacia as the binder using a padding mangle to make them antibacterial. A 99% reduction in the adhesion of three slime producing organisms, namely Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5021, Escherichia coli NCIM2931 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM2901, on these surfaces was observed.

A study on the long term effect of biofilm produced by biosurfactant producing microbe on medical implant.

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is used as a long term medical implant. Biofilm forming ability of two pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.

Antibiofilm properties of interfacially active lipase immobilized porous polycaprolactam prepared by LB technique.

Porous biomaterial is the preferred implant due to the interconnectivity of the pores. Chances of infection due to biofilm are also high in these biomaterials because of the presence of pores. Although biofilm in implants contributes to 80% of human infections, there are no commercially available natural therapeutics against it.

Antibiofilm properties of silver and gold incorporated PU, PCLm, PC and PMMA nanocomposites under two shear conditions.

Silver and gold nanoparticles (of average size ∼20-27 nm) were incorporated in PU (Polyurethane), PCLm (Polycaprolactam), PC (polycarbonate) and PMMA (Polymethylmethaacrylate) by swelling and casting methods under ambient conditions. In the latter method the nanoparticle would be present not only on the surface, but also inside the polymer. These nanoparticles were prepared initially by using a cosolvent, THF.

Computational approaches to improve aggrecanase-1 inhibitory activity of (4-keto) phenoxy) methyl biphenyl-4-sulfonamide: group based QSAR and docking studies.

Group based Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (GQSAR) was developed for thirty (4-keto-phenoxy) methyl biphenyl-4-sulfonamides which exhibit aggrecanase-1 enzyme inhibitory activity. This enzyme is involved in osteoarthritis. The data is divided into training and test sets, where the latter is used for validating the model.

Chalcone embedded polyurethanes as a biomaterial: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial adhesion.

An antibacterial dimethylamino-chalcone embedded multiblock copolymer (PCL-PEG) was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, H NMR, SEM and SEC and the compound was characterized using FT-IR, H NMR, and C NMR. A 10% copolymer composite was prepared and casted as film to be used as a biomaterial and the copolymer films without the compound acted as control. TGA, DSC, AFM, SEM and EDAX analysis were performed for the above samples.

Immobilization of subtilisin on polycaprolactam for antimicrobial food packaging applications.

Subtilisin was immobilized on polycaprolactam and used for food packaging applications to reduce the transference of microorganisms from the packaging material to the packaged food material. The optimized conditions for subtilisin immobilization was as follows: pH, 8; temperature, 4 °C; glutaraldehyde, 0.5%; incubation time, 25 h; and subtilisin concentration, 600 μL.

Novel chalcones and 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives as antibacterial agents.

Novel sixteen chalcones and thirteen 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazolines were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, HR-Mass, NMR (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, 135 DEPT, ¹H-¹H CoSY and ¹H and ¹³C CoSY) and XRD. These compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six micro-organisms, namely Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2718, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 5021, Salmonella typhi NCIM 2501, Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 5139, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5029, and Proteus vulgaris NCIM 2813 by twofold dilution method using resazurin as the indicator dye. In the case of chalcones, compounds with hydroxyl and bromo substitutions in the B-ring favor activity and benzyloxy substitution irrespective of its position in the A-ring.