Significance of Viable But Non-culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrios and Other Pathogenic Bacteria: Induction, Detection and the Role of Resuscitation Promoting Factors (Rpf).

Still, it remains a debate after four decades of research on surviving cells, several bacterial species were naturally inducted and found to exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, an adaptive strategy executed by most bacterial species under different stressful conditions. VBNC state are generally attributed when the cells lose its culturability on standard culture media, diminish in conventional detection methods, but retaining its viability, virulence and antibiotic resistance over a period of years and may poses a risk to marine animals as well as public health and food safety. In this present review, we mainly focus the VBNC state of Vibrios and other human bacterial pathogens.

Induction and comparative resuscitation of viable but nonculturable state on Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotypes O3:K6 and O1:K25.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important food-borne pathogens found to be associated with seafoods and marine environs. It has been a topic of debate for many decades that most pathogens are known to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under cold temperature and nutrient limited conditions. The present study examined the time required for the induction of VBNC state and the revival strategies of both the endemic O3:K6 and O1:K25 sporadic strains of V.

Anti-cancer potential of selenium-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-carvacrol nanocomposites in multiple myeloma U266 cells.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer that is characterized by malignant plasma cell proliferation. Approximately 10% of all blood cancers are MM, and there is no standard curative therapy. In this work, we intended to synthesize, characterize, and assess the anticancer effects of selenium/chitosan/polyethylene glycol-carvacrol nanocomposites (SCP-Car-NCs) on MM U266 cells in vitro.

Purification and characterization of a serine protease from organic dust and elucidation of its inductive effects on lung inflammatory mediators.

Organic dust inhalation is associated with the development of respiratory diseases. Serine protease activities in organic dusts were previously reported to contribute to the induction of lung inflammatory mediators however, the identities of the proteases and the mechanisms by which they induce inflammatory mediators are unknown. The goal of this study was to purify and characterize serine protease(s) from organic dust and elucidate mechanisms by which they induce lung inflammatory mediators.

NADPH and xanthine oxidases control induction of inflammatory mediator expression by organic dust in the lung.

Exposure to organic dust in animal and agricultural farms and the ensuing lung inflammation are linked to the development of respiratory diseases. We found previously that elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by aqueous poultry organic dust extract (hereafter referred to as dust extract) mediates induction of proinflammatory mediators in airway epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated whether ROS generated by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) controls induction of inflammatory mediators by dust extract and the underlying mechanisms in bronchial epithelial cells.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles isolated from organic dust induce neutrophilic inflammation in the lung.

Inhalation of organic dust is an occupational hazard leading to the development of respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases. Bioaerosols from concentrated animal feeding operations are rich in bacteria and could carry bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) that could induce lung inflammation. It is not known if organic dust contains bacterial EVs and whether they modulate lung inflammation.

Organic dust induces inflammatory gene expression in lung epithelial cells via ROS-dependent STAT-3 activation.

Exposure to dust in agricultural and animal environments, known as organic dust, is associated with the development of respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases. Inflammation is a key feature of lung pathologies associated with organic dust exposure, and exposure to organic dust induces the expression of several immune and inflammatory mediators. However, information on transcription factors and cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the production of immune and inflammatory mediators induced by organic dust is limited.

Organic dust inhibits surfactant protein expression by reducing thyroid transcription factor-1 levels in human lung epithelial cells.

Exposure to organic dust is a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases. Surfactant proteins (SP) reduce alveolar surface tension and modulate innate immune responses to control lung inflammation. Therefore, changes in SP levels could contribute to the development of organic-dust-induced respiratory diseases.

Optimization of sporicidal activity and environmental Bacillus endospores decontamination by biogenic silver nanoparticle.

Aim: The intent of this study is to decontaminate Bacillus endospores and to determine the D-values using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Streptomyces sp. cell filtrate.

Materials & Methods: AgNPs synthesis was performed extracellularly followed by characterization using spectrophotometer, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope and x-ray diffraction pattern analysis.