[Recommendations of Croatian societies on treatment of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes type 2--treatment of residual risk].

Quite a number of studies have shown that despite achieving targets for total and LDL cholesterol, blood pressure and glycemia according to the guidelines, many patients remain at high residual risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), both macrovascular and microvascular. This is particularly true for patients with established CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity and/or metabolic syndrome who have very often atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by decreased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and increased triglycerides. To address this issue a working group of experts has been established to produce this document in order to recommend therapeutic interventions for reducing this residual risk.

Antioxidant enzymes activity in patients with peripheral vascular disease, with and without presence of diabetes mellitus.

The study evaluated antioxidant status in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), with and without concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM). 211 participants were divided into standardized 4 groups: patients with PVD and DM (PVD+DM+), patients with PVD without DM (PVD+DM-), patients without PVD with DM (PVD-DM+) and patients without PVD and DM (PVD-DM-). The diagnosis of PVD was established by Doppler sonography analysis, including determination of the ankle brachial index (ABI), partial pressures along the leg, and CW Doppler sonography at typical locations.