Decreased bone mass in adolescents with bone fragility fracture but not in young children: a case-control study.

Background: The incidence of distal forearm fracture due to minimal/moderate trauma shows a bimodal distribution for age at event, with one peak occurring during early adolescence, in both boys and girls and the other one in postmenopausal females. The aim of this study was, therefore, to document whether the relationship between bone mineral density and fracture is different in young children compared with adolescents.

Methods: A matched-pair, case-control study has been conducted to evaluate bone mineral density in 469 young children and 387 adolescents of both sexes, with/without fracture due to minimal/moderate trauma with assurance that the compared groups were equally susceptible to the outcome event.

Skeletal health in Duchenne dystrophy: bone-size and subcranial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses.

Introduction: We performed subcranial and bone-size-adjusted whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate skeletal health in Duchenne dystrophy (DMD).

Methods: Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD)-for-age, subcranial, and size-adjusted DXA analyses were performed on 22 DMD patients (5-17 years) and compared with 267 controls from a database. The skull contribution to total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and corticosteroid effects were also examined.

Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet: a multicenter trial.

A 12-week randomized controlled multi-center clinical trial was conducted in 106 overweight and obese adults. Diets were designed to produce a 2,093 kJ/day energy deficit with either low calcium (LC; ~600 mg/day), high calcium (HC; ~1,400 mg/day), or high dairy (HD; three dairy servings, diet totaling ~1,400 mg/day). Ninety-three subjects completed the trial, and 68 met all a priori weekly compliance criteria.

Calcium and dairy product modulation of lipid utilization and energy expenditure.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary calcium or dairy product intake on total energy expenditure (TEE), fat oxidation, and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) during a weight loss trial.

Methods And Procedures: The intervention included a prescribed 500-kcal deficit diet in a randomized placebo-controlled calcium or dairy product intervention employing twenty-four 18 to 31-year-old (22.2+/-3.

A comparison of fatigue failure responses of old versus middle-aged lumbar motion segments in simulated flexed lifting.

Study Design: Survival analysis techniques were used to compare the fatigue failure responses of elderly motion segments to a middle-aged sample.

Objectives: To compare fatigue life of a middle-aged sample of lumbosacral motion segments to a previously tested elderly cohort. An additional objective was to evaluate the influence of bone mineral content on cycles to failure.

Potential use of biochemical markers of bone turnover for assessing the effect of calcium supplementation and predicting fracture risk.

Background: Biochemical markers of bone remodeling have been extensively used (independent of bone mass measurements) to document the efficacy of various anticatabolic and anabolic bone-modifying medications in reducing fracture risk. Nonetheless, their usefulness in determining the effectiveness of osteoporosis prevention and treatment, particularly calcium supplementation, has not been well established.

Objective: This article reviews the use of biochemical markers of bone remodeling as a measure of the effect of calcium supplementation and the implications for prediction of fracture risk.

Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in females from childhood to young adulthood: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Short-term studies established that calcium influences bone accretion during growth. Whether long-term supplementation influences bone accretion in young adults is not known.

Objective: This study evaluated the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone accretion among females from childhood to young adulthood.

Calcium needs in children.

Adequate calcium intake and physical activity during childhood and adolescence may be an important factor in bone acquisition and primary prevention of osteoporosis. Inadequate calcium intake during the pubertal growth spurt, in particular, may compromise an individual's volumetric bone density and predispose children to bone fragility fractures. In addition, it may compromise an individual's ability to reach his or her genetic potential in bone mass acquisition, or peak bone mass.

Nutrition influences skeletal development from childhood to adulthood: a study of hip, spine, and forearm in adolescent females.

This study evaluated the long-term efficacy of supplemental calcium and dairy products on bone mineral areal density of the hip and spine and on the bone geometry and volumetric bone mineral density of the forearm in young females during late adolescence. The study was conducted among participants of a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with calcium supplements and among participants of an observational study with higher consumption of dairy products. Hip and spine measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were done every 6 mo (dairy group every 12 mo) during last 3 y of the follow-up while peripheral quantitative computerized tomography of the forearm was done at the last visit.

Selenium intakes, absorption, retention, and status in adolescent girls.

Objectives: To assess selenium intakes, absorption, retention, and status in healthy adolescent girls and the effect of calcium supplementation on selenium parameters.

Design: Annual 2-week study conducted each year for 3 consecutive years in which yearly selenium intakes, absorption, and retention and blood selenium status were measured.

Setting: A metabolic unit in a large metropolitan hospital located in Columbus, Ohio--a low selenium region of the United States.