Hematological Parameters in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Presentation among Favorable and Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) management continues to be a challenge globally; weakened immunity plays a significant role in the reactivation of TB. There is limited information on hematological parameters in patients with pulmonary TB and its association with outcome.

Objectives: We present hematological parameters of newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary TB patients enrolled in a randomized, clinical trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of 3 and 4 regimens using moxifloxacin.

Slow growth and short stature in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a retrospective study of 493 children who underwent growth hormone provocation testing at one tertiary paediatric endocrine centre.

Objectives: We hypothesised that growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is rare. This study aimed to determine any distinct clinical or biochemical parameters, including GH provocation testing, in children with ADHD on psychostimulants or idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of children who had GH provocative testing between 1998 and 2013 at one tertiary paediatric endocrine centre.

Signet cell rectal carcinoma with prostatic involvement detected by FAPI-04 PET-MRI fusion.

A 60-year-old male patient diagnosed with mucinous adenocarcinoma of lower third of rectum underwent abdominoperineal resection and permanent colostomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Response evaluation with F-18 FDG PET-CT showed a complete metabolic response. After 6 months, CEA levels started increasing and clinically a recurrence was suspected.

Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Dysfunction Predicts Incident Retinopathy and Early Kidney Dysfunction in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. We hypothesized that adolescents with CAN are at greater risk of diabetic retinopathy and early kidney dysfunction.

Research Design And Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study of 725 adolescents with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline, early CAN was defined as one or more abnormalities in seven heart rate tests derived from a 10-min electrocardiogram.

Higher frequency of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in youth with type 2 compared to type 1 diabetes: Role of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Objective: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an overlooked but common and serious diabetes complication. We examined CAN in youth with diabetes and associations with cardiovascular risk factors.

Research Design And Methods: This was a prospective cohort of youth aged <20 years with type 2 or type 1 diabetes (n = 66/1153, median age 15.

Baseline extended zone retinal vascular calibres associate with sensory nerve abnormalities in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective longitudinal study.

Objective: The relationship between retinal vascular calibres (RVCs) and diabetic neuropathy is unclear. We investigated associations between RVCs and sensory nerve abnormality in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study of 889 adolescents with type 1 diabetes with baseline mean (±SD) age 14.

Extended-Zone Retinal Vascular Caliber and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Purpose: Retinal vascular caliber has been linked to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Newer imaging technologies allow analysis of retinal vascular caliber beyond the standard areas surrounding the optic disc. We investigated the vascular caliber in extended zones in prediction of DR in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Innovative technology shows impact of glycaemic control on peripheral retinal vessels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Retinal imaging enables non-invasive microvasculature assessment; however, only central retinal vessels have been studied in type 1 diabetes. Peripheral smaller vessels have a major haemodynamic role and may differ from central vessels in their response to the diabetic milieu. We hypothesise that diabetes has a greater impact on peripheral retinal vessels vs central vessels.

Operative techniques to avoid near misses during laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Background: The lack of a complete hepatic overview and tactile feedback during laparoscopic hepatectomy may result in near misses or fatal intraoperative complications despite the advantage of a magnified laparoscopic view. The aim of the study is to describe operative techniques and guiding principles with which to address near misses unique to laparoscopic hepatectomy and evaluate the intraoperative complication rate overtime.

Methods: Data of 408 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy were reviewed.

Comparative evaluation of applanation and indentation tonometers in a community ophthalmology setting in Southern India.

Purpose: Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the basic investigations in a general ophthalmic workup. In this study, we attempt to determine the agreement in the measurement of IOP obtained by Perkin's applanation tonometer, noncontact tonometer and Schiotz indentation tonometer in patients attending general ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care centre in South India and its use in a community ophthalmology setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study in which IOP was measured in patients using the three tonometers.

Isolation and analysis of mannose/trehalose/maltose specific lectin from jack bean with antibruchid activity.

A lectin with insecticidal property against the stored product pest, Callosobruchus maculatus was successfully isolated from the seeds of Canavalia virosa using standard affinity chromatography. The isolated molecule typically behaved like a lectin in its characteristics. It agglutinated indicator red blood cells (RBC) in its native as well as enzyme treated conditions.

Laparoscopic two-stage hepatectomy for bilobar colorectal liver metastases.

Background: Despite the gradual diffusion of laparoscopic liver resection, the feasibility and results of laparoscopic two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) for bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have not been described frequently. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic TSH for bilobar CRLM.

Methods: All patients eligible for laparoscopic TSH among those treated for bilobar CRLM from 2000 to 2013 were included.

3D visualization reduces operating time when compared to high-definition 2D in laparoscopic liver resection: a case-matched study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) visualization on operative performance during elective laparoscopic liver resection (LLR).

Background: Major limitations of conventional laparoscopy are lack of depth perception and tactile feedback. Introduction of robotic technology, which employs 3D imaging, has removed only one of these technical obstacles.

Endoscopic Management of Postoperative Stapled Anastomosis Bleeding.

Knowledge has evolved and the use of staplers in gastrointestinal surgery is now widespread. They are associated with low rates of postoperative complications. Postoperative anastomotic complications with stapling devices are relatively rare, with a reported incidence between 0 and 2.

Role of endoscopic band ligation in management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding (NVUGIB) is a challenging emergency condition. Early endoscopic therapy has been recommended as the first-line of treatment for upper GI bleeding (UGIB) as it has been shown to reduce recurrent bleeding. We aimed to determine the various causes of NVUGIB and discuss the role of band ligation.

Access to urban acute care services in high- vs. middle-income countries: an analysis of seven cities.

Purpose: Cities are expanding rapidly in middle-income countries, but their supply of acute care services is unknown. We measured acute care services supply in seven cities of diverse economic background.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared cities from two high-income (Boston, USA and Paris, France), three upper-middle-income (Bogota, Colombia; Recife, Brazil; and Liaocheng, China), and two lower-middle-income (Chennai, India and Kumasi, Ghana) countries.

Characteristics of gallbladder cancer in South India.

Gallbladder cancer is common in north India. It is also a well established fact that gall bladder cancer is frequently associated with gallstone disease in north India, similar to reports from the West. The magnitude of the problem of gallbladder cancer in south India and its link to gallstone disease is not clearly established.

Predictors of malignancy in chronic calcific pancreatitis with head mass.

Aim: To prospectively analyse the clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics of the mass lesions arising in a background of chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP).

Methods: Eighty three patients, who presented with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and a mass lesion in the head of pancreas between February 2005 and December 2011, were included in the study. Patients who were identified to have malignancy underwent Whipple's procedure and patients whose investigations were suggestive of a benign lesion underwent Frey's procedure.

Biliary cystadenomas: a case for complete resection.

Introduction and Objective. Biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver with less than 200 cases being reported allover the world. We report a series of 13 cases highlighting the radiological findings and problems related to its management.

Detection of genetic variability in various isolates of cattle tick, Boophilus microplus from Tamil Nadu, India using PCR-RAPD analysis.

The genomic DNA from ten isolates of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus collected in and around Chennai, India, was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using PCR. Selected five random primers were used for the study of genetic variability among different isolates of B. microplus.