Green Nuclear Medicine and Radiotheranostics.

There is a significantly growing interest in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, and it is foreseeable that an unprecedented number of patients will need to be treated with new nuclear medicine therapies. This predicted increase will have potentially significant environmental impacts. In this discussion, we show different areas of impact, as well as possible measures to reduce such impact.

18F-DCFPyL PET/MRI Radiomics for Intraprostatic Prostate Cancer Detection and Metastases Prediction Using Whole-Gland Segmentation.

Objectives: To evaluate 18F-DCFPyL-PET/MRI whole-gland-derived radiomics for detecting clinically significant (cs) prostate cancer (PCa) and predicting metastasis.

Methods: Therapy-naïve PCa patients who underwent 18F-DCFPyL PET/MRI were included. Whole-prostate-segmentation was performed.

Prognostic Value of Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Recently, the Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0) was proposed to better evaluate treatment response in prostate cancer patients using PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) than more traditional approaches like metabolic PET evaluation response criteria in solid tumor (PERCIST 1.0).

Combination of FDG PET/CT radiomics and clinical parameters for outcome prediction in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Purpose: The purposes was to build model incorporating PET +  computed tomography (CT) radiomics features from baseline PET/CT + clinical parameters to predict outcomes in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Methods: Cohort of 138 patients with complete clinical parameters and follow up times of 25.3 months recorded.

F-Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR as a Biomarker of Hypoxia in Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in many tumors and is predictive of metastatic spread and poor responsiveness to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To assess the feasibility of using F-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR to image tumor hypoxia in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) prior to and following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The secondary objective was to compare different reference tissues and thresholds for tumor hypoxia quantification.

Standardizing Multidisciplinary Case Conferences and Improving Communication Between Referring Physicians and Radiologists: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Assess the effectiveness of standardizing multidisciplinary case conferences (MDCs). Anonymous electronic surveys gauged opinions of abdominal radiologists engaged in recurring MDCs. A standardized Excel template, following Cancer Care Ontario guidelines and relevant literature, was distributed to MDC managers.

CXCR4-Targeted PET Imaging in Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to perform a comprehensive review and meta-analyses and to report pooled diagnostic results on CXCR4-targeted PET, particularly considering detection, visualization, and prognostication.

Patients And Methods: This study followed PRISMA-DTA. A systematic search was conducted on major medical literature databases up to March 1, 2024.

Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Grade Group Prediction in Prostate Cancer: A Radiomics Pilot Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI-radiomics in predicting the International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group (ISUP-GG) in therapy-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Materials And Methods: In this ethics review board-approved retrospective study on two prospective clinical trials between 2017 and 2020, 73 men with suspected/confirmed PCa were included. All participants underwent multiparametric MRI.

Outcomes in older adults with metastatic esophageal and gastric carcinoma treated with palliative chemotherapy.

Background: The incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma (GEC) in elderly patients is increasing, yet patients ≥75 years have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials. We sought to investigate palliative chemotherapy administration patterns and survival outcomes in older adults.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis identified patients aged 65-74 (young-old) and ≥75 years (older-old) diagnosed with advanced GEC.

Predictive [F]-FDG PET/CT-Based Radiogenomics Modelling of Driver Gene Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate whether [F]-FDG PET/CT-derived radiomics may correlate with driver gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Materials And Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, 203 patients with surgically treated NSCLC who underwent subsequent genomic analysis of the primary tumour at our institution between December 2004 and January 2014 were identified. Of those, 128 patients (mean age 62.

Gastro-Esophageal Cancer: Can Radiomic Parameters from Baseline F-FDG-PET/CT Predict the Development of Distant Metastatic Disease?

We aimed to determine if clinical parameters and radiomics combined with sarcopenia status derived from baseline F-FDG-PET/CT could predict developing metastatic disease and overall survival (OS) in gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). Patients referred for primary staging who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT from 2008 to 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Overall, 243 GEC patients (mean age = 64) were enrolled.

Current Applications of PET/MR: Part II: Clinical Applications II.

Due to the major improvements in the hardware and image reconstruction algorithms, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) is now a reliable state-of-the-art hybrid modality in medical practice. Currently, it can provide a broad range of advantages in preclinical and clinical imaging compared to single-modality imaging. In the second part of this review, we discussed the further clinical applications of PET/MR.

Current Applications of PET/MR: Part I: Technical Basics and Preclinical/Clinical Applications.

Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging has gone through major hardware improvements in recent years, making it a reliable state-of-the-art hybrid modality in clinical practice. At the same time, image reconstruction, attenuation correction, and motion correction algorithms have significantly evolved to provide high-quality images. Part I of the current review discusses technical basics, pre-clinical applications, and clinical applications of PET/MR in radiation oncology and head and neck imaging.

The [F]F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics Classifier of Histologic Subtypes and Anatomical Disease Origins across Various Malignancies: A Proof-of-Principle Study.

We aimed to investigate whether [F]F-FDG-PET/CT-derived radiomics can classify histologic subtypes and determine the anatomical origin of various malignancies. In this IRB-approved retrospective study, 391 patients (age = 66.7 ± 11.

Comparison of Multiparametric MRI and the Combination of PSMA Plus MRI for the Intraprostatic Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the combination of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET plus MRI (PSMA + MRI) for detecting intraprostatic clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Patients And Methods: Relevant databases were searched through November 2023. Only studies directly comparing mpMRI and PSMA + MRI (PET/MRI or PET/CT + mpMRI) were included.

Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Prognostication in Gastroesophageal Cancer: Results of a Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROM) are self-reflections of an individual's physical functioning and emotional well-being. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) is a simple and validated PRO tool of 10 common symptoms and a patient-reported functional status (PRFS) measure. The prognostic value of this tool is unknown in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC).

Contrast Enhanced CT Radiogenomics in a Retrospective NSCLC Cohort: Models, Attempted Validation of a Published Model and the Relevance of the Clinical Context.

Rationale And Objective: To develop a radiogenomic predictive model for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients studied through contrast enhanced chest computed tomography (CE-CT) targeting the most frequent gene alterations. M&M: A retrospective study of patients with NSCLC imaged with CE-CT before treatment and had their tumor genomics sequenced at our institution was performed. Data was gathered from their imaging studies, their electronic medical records and a web-based database search (cBioPortal.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and brain metastases in gastroesophageal carcinoma: a real-world analysis of clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcomes.

Background: Brain metastasis (BrM) and Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (LMC) are uncommon complications in gastroesophageal carcinoma (GEC) patients. These patients have a poor prognosis and are challenging to treat. We described the clinicopathologic features and outcomes in the largest cohort of Central Nervous System (CNS) metastasis in GEC patients.

Comparison of Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emmited Tomography/Computed Tomography and Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Liver Metastases from Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors.

This study aimed to compare the detection of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NLMs) in hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced MRI (pMR) versus Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (DT-PET). This retrospective study cohort included 30 patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors who underwent both DT-PET and pMR. Two readers independently assessed NLMs count, SUVmax on DT-PET, and signal characteristics on pMR.

SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MRI for Response Assessment of Bone Metastases.

Recent developments in hybrid SPECT/CT systems and the use of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors have improved the diagnostic accuracy of bone scintigraphy. These advancements have paved the way for novel quantitative approaches to accurate and reproducible treatment monitoring of bone metastases. PET/CT imaging using [F]F-FDG and [F]F-NaF have shown promising clinical utility in bone metastases assessment and monitoring response to therapy and prediction of treatment response in a broad range of malignancies.

Detection of metabolic adaptation in a triple-negative breast cancer animal model with [F]choline-PET imaging as a surrogate for drug resistance.

Purpose: Test the feasibility of an image-based method to identify taxane resistance in mouse bearing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor xenografts.

Methods: Xenograft tumor-bearing mice from paclitaxel-sensitive and paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cells (MDA-MD-346) were generated by orthotopic injection into female NOD-SCID mice. When tumors reached 100-150 mm, mice were scanned using [F]choline PET/CT.

Role of FDG PET/CT in Patients With Lymphoma Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Current Concepts.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a cellular therapy in which the patient's T cells are enhanced to recognize and bind to specific tumor antigens. CAR T-cell therapy was initially developed for the treatment of leukemia, but its current main indication is the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. FDG PET/CT plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis, staging, therapy response assessment, and recurrence evaluation of patients with metabolically active lymphoma.

Corrigendum: Standardized classification schemes in reporting oncologic PET/CT.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Staging Oncologic PET/CT Imaging and Patient Outcome in a Public Healthcare Context: Overview and Follow Up of the First Two Years of the Pandemic.

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, staging and outcome of a selected population throughout the first two years of the pandemic, we evaluated oncology patients undergoing PET/CT at our institution. A retrospective population of lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma and head and neck cancer patients staged using PET/CT during the first 6 months of the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 were included for analysis. The year in which the PET was performed was our exposure variable, and our two main outcomes were stage at the time of the PET/CT and overall survival (OS).