Frequency and Clinical Features of Space Headache Experienced by Astronauts During Long-Haul Space Flights.

Background And Objectives: Few anecdotal cases and 1 small retrospective study during short-duration space missions suggest that headache may occur early in flight, as part of the space motion syndrome. Whether headaches may also occur at later stages of space flights is unknown. We aimed to prospectively characterize the incidence, timing, clinical features, and management of space headaches during long-duration flights.

Early recognition of characteristic conventional and amplitude-integrated EEG patterns of seizures in SCN2A and KCNQ3-related epilepsy in neonates.

Purpose: Early recognition of seizures in neonates secondary to pathogenic variants in potassium or sodium channel coding genes is crucial, as these seizures are often resistant to commonly used anti-seizure medications but respond well to sodium channel blockers. Recently, a characteristic ictal amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) pattern was described in neonates with KCNQ2-related epilepsy. We report a similar aEEG pattern in seizures caused by SCN2A- and KCNQ3-pathogenic variants, as well as conventional EEG (cEEG) descriptions.

Valentin Magnan and Sergey Korsakov: French and Russian pioneers in the study of alcohol abuse.

This study focuses on two outstanding psychiatrists: the Frenchman Valentin Magnan (1835-1916) and the Russian Sergey Korsakov (1854-1900). Their international renown is primarily associated with their investigations into health consequences of alcohol consumption; they were pioneers in this field, and happened to know each other well. The similarities and differences are shown in social and scientific approaches adopted by these two scientists.

The Look of the Devil: Multiple Cranial Neuropathies.

The sculpture of the devil on a portal of the Lichtenthal Abbey School in Baden-Baden, Germany displays neurological pathology, possibly consistent with multiple cranial neuropathy. One of the main abnormalities is an exotropia strabismus, a feature rarely depicted in works of art portraying the devil.

Sergey Sukhanov, a Russian Physician in Professor Arthur Van Gehuchten's Lab - Based on Original 19th Century Documents.

In 1898, Russian physician Sergey Alexeevich Sukhanov (1867-1915) spent a 3-month traineeship in Professor Arthur Van Gehuchten's anatomy laboratory in Louvain (Belgium). A folder containing 17 handwritten documents in Russian was recently discovered in the archives of the Museum of the History of Medicine, First Moscow State Medical University. The letters give a lively account of Sukhanov's everyday observations, experiences and opinions while he was in Van Gehuchten's lab.

Headache under simulated microgravity is related to endocrine, fluid distribution, and tight junction changes.

Head-down-tilted bed rest (HDTBR) induces headaches similar to headaches during space flights. The objective of this investigation was to study hematological, endocrinological, fluid changes and tight junctions in HDTBR-induced headaches as a proxy for space headache. The randomized crossover HDTBR design by the European Space Agency included 12 healthy, nonheadache male subjects.

Space headache on Earth: head-down-tilted bed rest studies simulating outer-space microgravity.

Background: Headache is a common symptom during space travel, both isolated and as part of space motion syndrome. Head-down-tilted bed rest (HDTBR) studies are used to simulate outer space microgravity on Earth, and allow countermeasure interventions such as artificial gravity and training protocols, aimed at restoring microgravity-induced physiological changes.

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to assess headache incidence and characteristics during HDTBR, and to evaluate the effects of countermeasures.

Electromyographic activity in the EEG in Alzheimer's disease: noise or signal?

Many efforts have been directed at negating the influence of electromyographic (EMG) activity on the EEG, especially in elderly demented patients. We wondered whether these "artifacts" might reflect cognitive and behavioural aspects of dementia. In this pilot study, 11 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 13 controls underwent EEG registration.

Jean-Martin Charcot at the birth of Russian neurology.

Russian neurology was virtually nonexistent in the middle of the 19th century which made a traineeship abroad an absolute necessity. Charcot and his school did not just offer professional training, but created the best minds, which would determine the direction of neurology and psychiatry in Russia for many decades. After returning home, young Russian doctors not only implemented everything they had learned in Western Europe, but proceeded to make their own original contributions.

Kozhevnikov epilepsy: the disease and its eponym.

Eponyms continue to have their place in medicine but there are pitfalls associated with their use. "Priorities" may be debatable, misattributions are not uncommon, and knowledge of the original papers is often insufficient. A.

Space headache: a new secondary headache.

Headache is a common, but rarely voiced, complaint during space flights, usually attributed to space motion sickness (SMS). We used a specifically designed questionnaire based on the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn (ICHD-II). Of the 16 male and one female astronauts who participated in the survey, 12 (71%) reported having experienced at least one headache episode while in space, whereas they had not suffered from headache when on earth.

Science and fate: Lina Stern (1878-1968), a neurophysiologist and biochemist.

Lina Stern (1878-1968), a neurophysiologist and biochemist, was born in Russia. She studied at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, where, after graduating, she conducted original research in physiology and biochemistry. In 1918, Stern was the first woman to be awarded a professional title at the University of Geneva and headed the department of Physiological Chemistry.

EEG markers of future cognitive performance in the elderly.

This exploratory follow-up study investigated whether EEG parameters can predict future cognitive performance. Forty elderly subjects, ranging from cognitively unimpaired to those with Alzheimer disease underwent EEG registration at baseline and neuropsychological examination at both baseline and follow-up. We assessed relations between EEG measures and future cognitive performance (i.

Prediction of short-term neurological outcome in full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy based on combined use of electroencephalogram and neuro-imaging.

Background: In infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), prediction of the prognosis is based on clinical, neuro-imaging and neurophysiological parameters.

Methods: EEG, cranial ultrasound, MRI and follow-up findings of 23 infants (GA 35-42 weeks) with HIE were studied retrospectively to assess 1) the contribution of ultrasound, MRI and EEG in predicting outcome, 2) the accuracy of ultrasound as compared to MRI, and 3) whether patterns of brain damage and EEG findings are associated.

Results: An abnormal EEG background pattern was highly predictive of adverse outcome [positive predictive value (PPV) 0.

[Nicolaas Bidloo, the Dutch director of the first hospital in Russia; a 300-year anniversary].

This year marks 300 years since the first Russian hospital opened its doors. The hospital was established by order of Tsar Peter the Great, and its leadership was given to a Dutchman, Nicolaas Bidloo. Bidloo came from a scientifically prominent Dutch family and was a student of Herman Boerhaave.

Famous Russian brains: historical attempts to understand intelligence.

Russian scientists are certainly among those who contributed actively to the search for the neuroanatomical basis of exceptional mental capacity and talent. Research into brain anatomy was one of the topics of special interest in various Russian universities. A number of independent reports on the study of famous Russian brains appeared both in Russia and abroad.

Leo Tolstoy's theory of sleep.

Throughout his life, Leo Tolstoy was fascinated by the phenomena of sleep and dreams. He composed a series of observations and judgements that were brought together under "my theory of sleep". Tolstoy was constantly preoccupied with the basic principles of "the theory".

EEG correlates in the spectrum of cognitive decline.

Objective: To investigate relations between EEG measures and performance on tests of global cognition, memory, language and executive functioning.

Methods: Twenty-two controls, 18 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 16 with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) underwent neuropsychological and EEG investigations. We used the following EEG measures: theta relative power during eyes closed, alpha reactivity during memory activation (i.

The Moscow clinic for nervous diseases - walking along the portraits.

The history of the Clinic for Nervous Diseases of the Moscow University reflects in its entirety the history of the Moscow neurological school itself. A.Ya.

[The use of P300 event-related potentials in the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy of episodic exertional headaches].

Fifteen healthy individuals and 17 patients with episodic exertional headaches were examined before and after treatment with citalopram using P300 event-related potentials. Unlike healthy controls, patients with headaches before treatment displayed an increase in P300 amplitude and the loss of its habituation, which correlated with a decrease in cognitive functions. The treatment lowered the degree of pain and vegetative syndromes, normalized P300 parameters, and improved cognitive functions.