A Gender Perspective on Coloproctological Diseases: A Narrative Review on Female Disorders.

Coloproctological diseases, including both benign and malignant conditions, are among the most common diagnoses in clinical practice. Several disorders affect both men and women, while others are unique to women, or women are at a greater risk of developing them. This is due to anatomical, biological, and social conditions and also due to females' exclusive capabilities of reproduction and pregnancy.

Coral Disease: Direct and Indirect Agents, Mechanisms of Disease, and Innovations for Increasing Resistance and Resilience.

As climate change drives health declines of tropical reef species, diseases are further eroding ecosystem function and habitat resilience. Coral disease impacts many areas around the world, removing some foundation species to recorded low levels and thwarting worldwide efforts to restore reefs. What we know about coral disease processes remains insufficient to overcome many current challenges in reef conservation, yet cumulative research and management practices are revealing new disease agents (including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes), genetic host disease resistance factors, and innovative methods to prevent and mitigate epizootic events (probiotics, antibiotics, and disease resistance breeding programs).

Extreme Frequency of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Recurrences Unexplained by Any Known Risk Factors: A Case Report.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibulopathy and involves failed dissolution and dislocation of calcium carbonate crystals into the semicircular canal. This causes short-lasting vertigo during changes in head position. Oftentimes, BPPV can be resolved within a single clinic visit, but secondary to many known risk factors, BPPV can recur.

vAMPirus: A versatile amplicon processing and analysis program for studying viruses.

Amplicon sequencing is an effective and increasingly applied method for studying viral communities in the environment. Here, we present vAMPirus, a user-friendly, comprehensive, and versatile DNA and RNA virus amplicon sequence analysis program, designed to support investigators in exploring virus amplicon sequencing data and running informed, reproducible analyses. vAMPirus intakes raw virus amplicon libraries and, by default, performs nucleotide- and amino acid-based analyses to produce results such as sequence abundance information, taxonomic classifications, phylogenies and community diversity metrics.

Calixarenes and cyclodextrins as off- and on-fluorescence probes for carbazole.

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the nitrogen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carbazole () were analyzed with native cyclodextrins (;,,); derivatized(hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin,; methyl--cyclodextrin,) and p-sulfonated calixarenes (, with n = 6 and 8) macrocycles. The results showed a slight increase in the absorbance ofwith, but the mixture ofwithshowed lower absorption than the sum of the individual spectra. Also, changes in fluorescence were observed by adding the macrocycles, quenching with, and significant increases with.

Endogenous viral elements reveal associations between a non-retroviral RNA virus and symbiotic dinoflagellate genomes.

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) offer insight into the evolutionary histories and hosts of contemporary viruses. This study leveraged DNA metagenomics and genomics to detect and infer the host of a non-retroviral dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA virus (dinoRNAV) common in coral reefs. As part of the Tara Pacific Expedition, this study surveyed 269 newly sequenced cnidarians and their resident symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), associated metabarcodes, and publicly available metagenomes, revealing 178 dinoRNAV EVEs, predominantly among hydrocoral-dinoflagellate metagenomes.

Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape.

Viruses can affect coral health by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in coral colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual viral lineages. We sequenced the viral major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect symbiotic dinoflagellates ('dinoRNAVs') to analyze their dynamics in the reef-building coral, Porites lobata.

MultiShapeC, an algorithm to assess concentration in multi-shape nanoparticle samples: nanosilver, a case study.

Shape, size, and dispersity play a crucial role in the calculation of colloidal nanoparticle concentrations, which results in remarkable differences in the determination of parameters like Stern-Volmer constants. In this work, we propose an algorithm named MultiShapeC to include the variability in shapes and polydispersity in the concentration calculation. This algorithm was validated using the quenching of carbazole fluorescence emission by silver nanoparticles.

Triggering gold nanoparticles formation on a quartz surface by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation.

A new direct and straightforward method is proposed to synthesize bare Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a quartz surface by nanosecond 532 nm pulsed laser irradiation of a quartz surface in contact with Au(iii) precursor solution. The characterisation by XPS, UV-Vis, SEM and AFM measurements demonstrate the formation of bare Au NPs anchored on the quartz surface with a mean height of 27 ± 10 nm localized in the laser irradiation area. The main features of this approach are their simplicity, quick fabrication and the large surface area covered by Au NPs.

Alphaflexivirus Genomes in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease-Affected, Disease-Exposed, and Disease-Unexposed Coral Colonies in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is decimating Caribbean corals. Here, through the metatranscriptomic assembly and annotation of two alphaflexivirus-like strains, we provide genomic evidence of filamentous viruses in SCTLD-affected, -exposed, and -unexposed coral colonies. These data will assist in clarifying the roles of viruses in SCTLD.

Fluorescence quenching of p-tert-buthylthiacalix[4]arene by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.

The interaction between the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) and the macrocyclic compound p-tert-buthylthiacalix[4]arene (TC4) in solution ethanol/water 3/1 V/V was investigated by spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry. The UV-Vis spectra of the system (EMIMBr + TC4) were completely additive. The addition of EMIMBr decreases the fluorescence of the TC4 significantly, excited at 325.

In flow metal-enhanced fluorescence for biolabelling and biodetection.

Escherichia coli bacteria were determined by in flow cytometry with laser excitation and fluorescence detection applying ultraluminescent core-shell nanoparticles based on Metal Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF). Core-shell nanoparticles consisted of a 40 nm core modified with a silica spacer grafted with Rhodamine B (RhB). The electromagnetic field in the near field of the core surface enhanced the fluorescence of RhB by plasmonic and fluorophore coupling.

De novo transcriptome assembly of the digitate morphotype of Briareum asbestinum (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the southwest shelf of Puerto Rico.

Octocorals have now become the most visually dominant metazoan benthic taxa of most Caribbean reefs, following the precipitous decline of scleractinian corals. Yet taxonomic issues because of their extensive phenotypic plasticity are still abound. Briareum asbestinum one of the iconic octocorals of the shallow Caribbean coral reefs exhibits a biform morphology, the digitate and the encrusting one.

De novo transcriptome assembly of the coral Agaricia lamarcki (Lamarck's sheet coral) from mesophotic depth in southwest Puerto Rico.

The plating coral, Agaricia lamarcki is a widely distributed species inhabiting reefs across the Caribbean basin and Florida. This species is of interest since it is considered a depth-generalist, found from 10 to 70 m. Given the scope of contemporary studies on this coral's population dynamics and physiology, as well as, the potential of mesophotic reefs to be refuge habitats for deteriorated shallow water reefs, we present the first de novo transcriptome assembly of an important mesophotic coral.

Establishing a Policy Framework for the Primary Prevention of Occupational Cancer: A Proposal Based on a Prospective Health Policy Analysis.

Background: Despite our knowledge of the causes of cancer, millions of workers are involuntarily exposed to a wide range of known and suspected carcinogens in the workplace. To address this issue from a policy perspective, we developed a policy framework based on a prospective health policy analysis. Use of the framework was demonstrated for developing policies to prevent cancers associated with diesel engine exhaust (DEE), asbestos, and shift work, three occupational carcinogens with global reach and large cancer impact.

Structural characterization of N-methylcarbamate: β-cyclodextrin complexes by experimental methods and molecular dynamics simulations.

Detailed insights regarding the inclusion process between β-cyclodextrin and the N-methylcarbamates insecticides like Bendiocarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran and Promecarb, are proposed in bases of experimental and computational methods. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, induced circular dichroism and molecular dynamics indicate that only in the case of Promecarb the interaction with the macrocycle is produced by the alkyl rest of the molecule. In all other cases the aromatic moiety is the part of the insecticide that is partially included in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin.

Cucurbit[6]uril nanocavity as an enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of pyrene.

The effect of the addition of macrocyclic host cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) on the photophysical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene (PYR) was analyzed. The fluorescence emission spectra of the aromatic compound were determined at 25.0°C in different acidic media (HCl 18%, w/v, or HCOOH 55%, w/v) with and without CB6.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine with different cyclodextrin media.

Alternative and sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of hydroxyindoles, such as serotonin (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIA), were developed on the basis of supramolecular interaction with cyclodextrin (CD) nanocavities (βCD and hydroxypropyl-βCD, HPCD) at different pH values. Both substrates and receptors have acidic protons, therefore the interactions produced in different systems were considered. The effects of neutral CD at pH 2.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of benzoimidazolic pesticides: effect of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene and cyclodextrins.

The effect of the addition of a macrocyclic host (H) such as p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene (C6S), native and modified cyclodextrins (CDs), on the fluorescence of benzoimidazolic fungicides (P), like Benomyl (BY) and Carbendazim (CZ), has been studied. The fluorescence of BY in water at pH 1.000 and 25.

Determination of poorly fluorescent carbamate pesticides in water, bendiocarb and promecarb, using cyclodextrin nanocavities and related media.

The effect of native cyclodextrins (alpha, beta, or gammaCD with six, seven and eight glucose units, respectively), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD), chitosan (CHT) and glucose in water solution or water with n-propylamine (PA) as co-solvent upon the UV-vis and fluorescence properties of poorly fluorescent N-methyl carbamates pesticides (C) as bendiocarb (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol methylcarbamate, BC) and promecarb (3-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenol methylcarbame, PC) was examined. Fluorescent enhancement was found for both substrates with all CDs in water or PA-water except from PC with alphaCD. The addition of CHT increases the fluorescence of BC but decreases the fluorescence of PC, and glucose addition gives in both cases no spectral changes.

Permanent sacral nerve modulation for fecal incontinence and associated urinary disturbances.

Background And Aims: Sacral nerve modulation (SNM) using an implantable pulse generator is gaining increasing acceptance in the treatment of several functional disturbances of the urinary and intestinal tract. This new therapeutic approach offers new possibilities in the treatment of fecal incontinence (FI) by means of its possible effects on anorectal physiology.

Patients And Methods: Fourteen patients with FI, six of whom had associated urinary disturbances, underwent permanent SNM after successful peripheral nerve evaluation tests.