Physical capacity, not skeletal maturity, distinguishes competitive levels in male Norwegian U14 soccer players.

The main aim of the present study was to compare skeletal maturity level and physical capacities between male Norwegian soccer players playing at elite, sub-elite and non-elite level. Secondary, we aimed to investigate the association between skeletal maturity level and physical capacities. One hundred and two U14 soccer players (12.

Immediate effects of blood donation on physical and cognitive performance-A randomized controlled double-blinded trial.

Background: The success of implementing damage control resuscitation principles pre-hospital has been at the expense of several logistic burdens including the requirements for resupply, and the question of donor safety during the development of whole blood programs. Previous studies have reported effects on physical performance after blood donation; however, none have investigated the effects of blood donation on cognitive performance.

Method: We describe a prospective double-blinded, randomized, controlled study comprised of a battery of tests: three cognitive tests, and VO2max testing on a cycle ergometer.

Power Production and Biochemical Markers of Metabolic Stress and Muscle Damage Following a Single Bout of Short-Sprint and Heavy Strength Exercise in Well-Trained Cyclists.

Although strength and sprint training are widely used methods in competitive cycling, no previous studies have compared the acute responses and recovery rates following such sessions among highly trained cyclists. The primary aim of the current study was to compare power production and biochemical markers of metabolic stress and muscle damage following a session of heavy strength (HS) and short-sprint training (SS). Eleven well-trained male cyclists (18 ± 2 years with maximal oxygen uptake of 67.

Higher Drop in Speed during a Repeated Sprint Test in Soccer Players Reporting Former Hamstring Strain Injury.

Hamstring strain injury is common in soccer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical capacity of players who have and have not suffered from hamstring strain injury in a sample of semi-professional and professional Norwegian soccer players in order to evaluate characteristics and to identify possible indications of insufficient rehabilitation. Seventy-five semi-professional and professional soccer players (19 ± 3 years) playing at the second and third level in the Norwegian league participated in the study.

Low cadence interval training at moderate intensity does not improve cycling performance in highly trained veteran cyclists.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of low cadence training at moderate intensity on aerobic capacity, cycling performance, gross efficiency, freely chosen cadence, and leg strength in veteran cyclists.

Method: Twenty-two well trained veteran cyclists [age: 47 ± 6 years, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 57.9 ± 3.

Skin penetration time-profiles for continuous 810 nm and Superpulsed 904 nm lasers in a rat model.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the rat skin penetration abilities of two commercially available low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices during 150 sec of irradiation.

Background Data: Effective LLLT irradiation typically lasts from 20 sec up to a few minutes, but the LLLT time-profiles for skin penetration of light energy have not yet been investigated.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-two skin flaps overlaying rat's gastrocnemius muscles were harvested and immediately irradiated with LLLT devices.

The thermal effects of therapeutic lasers with 810 and 904 nm wavelengths on human skin.

Objective: To investigate the effect of therapeutic infrared class 3B laser irradiation on skin temperature in healthy participants of differing skin color, age, and gender.

Background: Little is known about the potential thermal effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) irradiation on human skin.

Methods: Skin temperature was measured in 40 healthy volunteers with a thermographic camera at laser irradiated and control (non-irradiated) areas on the skin.

Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the development of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and changes in biochemical markers related to postexercise recovery.

Study Design: Randomized crossover double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can affect biceps muscle performance, fatigue development, and biochemical markers of postexercise recovery.

Background: Cell and animal studies have suggested that LLLT can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in muscle tissue.

Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAs 904 nm) in skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of muscle damage in rats.

We wanted to test if pre-exercise muscle irradiation with 904 nm laser affects the development of fatigue, blood lactate levels and creatine kinase (CK) activity in a rat model with tetanic contractions. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups receiving either one of four different laser doses (0.1, 0.

Low-level laser irradiation (InGaAlP-660 nm) increases fibroblast cell proliferation and reduces cell death in a dose-dependent manner.

Background And Objective: Impaired cell metabolism and increased cell death in fibroblast cells are physiological features of chronic tendinopathy. Although several studies have shown that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at certain parameters has a biostimulatory effect on fibroblast cells, it remains uncertain if LLLT effects depend on the physiological state.

Study Design/material And Methods: High-metabolic immortal cell culture and primary human keloid fibroblast cell culture were used in this study.

Effect of low level laser therapy on bronchial hyper-responsiveness.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) could reduce bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) modulating the metabolism of inositol phosphate (IP) in bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). The study was on 28 Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groups. Irradiation (1.

Effect of 655-nm low-level laser therapy on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans.

Objective: To investigate if development of skeletal muscle fatigue during repeated voluntary biceps contractions could be attenuated by low-level laser therapy (LLLT).

Background Data: Previous animal studies have indicated that LLLT can reduce oxidative stress and delay the onset of skeletal muscle fatigue.

Materials And Methods: Twelve male professional volleyball players were entered into a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, for two sessions (on day 1 and day 8) at a 1-wk interval, with both groups performing as many voluntary biceps contractions as possible, with a load of 75% of the maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC).

Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skeletal muscle fatigue. Ten healthy male professional volleyball players entered a crossover randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Active LLLT (830 nm wavelength, 100 mW output, spot size 0.

Low-level laser therapy (GaAs lambda = 904 nm) reduces inflammatory cell migration in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis.

Objective: This study was designed to study the effect of an infrared low-level laser (GaAs lambda = 904 nm, 4 mW) on inflammatory cell migration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis in mice.

Background Data: It has been suggested that red wavelengths of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can exert anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about the anti-inflammatory effects of infrared lasers. Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory condition that may be suitable for studying anti-inflammatory effects of infrared lasers.

Steroid receptor antagonist mifepristone inhibits the anti-inflammatory effects of photoradiation.

Objective: We designed an animal pleurisy study to assess if the anti-inflammatory effect of photoradiation could be affected by concomitant use of the cortisol antagonist mifepristone.

Background Data: Although interactions between photoradiation and pharmacological agents are largely unknown, parallel use of steroids and photoradiation is common in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and tendinitis.

Methods: Forty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided in five groups.

Effect of low-level laser (Ga-Al-As 655 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation in rats.

We investigated whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can reduce muscular fatigue during tetanic contractions in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups receiving either one of three different LLLT doses (0.5, 1.

Hyperbaric oxygen alone or combined with 5-FU attenuates growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors.

We tested the hypothesis that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) alone and with chemotherapy (5-FU) attenuates tumor growth of DMBA-induced tumors in rats. Six series were performed: (1) Controls (air and vehicle 0.9% NaCl i.

Neurogenic inflammation in mice deficient in heparin-synthesizing enzyme.

Mast cell activation, or neurogenic inflammation, is known to induce lowering of interstitial fluid pressure (P(if)) and plasma protein extravasation (PPE) in several tissues from both rats and mice. To examine a possible role of connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) in these inflammatory responses, we used mice with dysfunctional CTMCs due to lack of the N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-2 enzyme (NDST-2(-/-)). P(if) and PPE were measured after challenge with compound 48/80 (C48/80), and P(if) alone was measured after treatment either with capsaicin, substance P (SP), or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).

Lowering of tumor interstitial fluid pressure specifically augments efficacy of chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy of solid tumors is presently largely ineffective at dosage levels that are compatible with survival of the patient. Here, it is argued that a condition of raised interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) that can be observed in many tumors is a major factor in preventing optimal access of systemically administered chemotherapeutic agents. Using prostaglandin E1-methyl ester (PGE1), which is known transiently to reduce IFP, it was shown that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) caused significant growth inhibition on two experimental tumors in rats but only after administration of PGE1.