In Vivo Evaluation of Two Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation Controllers with Non-Invasive, Intermittent Sensors.

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in military and civilian trauma medicine. Fluid resuscitation is the primary treatment option, which can be difficult to manage when multiple patients are involved. Traditional vital signs needed to drive resuscitation therapy being unavailable without invasive catheter placement is a challenge.

Integrating agent-based models and clustering methods for improving image segmentation.

Image segmentation through clustering is a widely used technique in computer vision that partitions an image into multiple segments by grouping pixels based on feature similarity. Although effective for certain applications, this approach often struggles with the complexity of real-world images, where noise and random variations can significantly affect feature homogeneity, leading to incorrect pixel classifications. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a novel hybrid image segmentation method that combines an agent-based model with a clustering technique to enhance segmentation accuracy and robustness.

Extracellular Peptide-Ligand Dimerization Actuator Receptor Design for Reversible and Spatially Dosed 3D Cell-Material Communication.

Transmembrane receptors that endow mammalian cells with the ability to sense and respond to biomaterial-bound ligands will prove instrumental in bridging the fields of synthetic biology and biomaterials. Materials formed with thiol-norbornene chemistry are amenable to thiol-peptide patterning, and this study reports the rational design of synthetic receptors that reversibly activate cellular responses based on peptide-ligand recognition. This transmembrane receptor platform, termed Extracellular Peptide-ligand Dimerization Actuator (EPDA), consists of stimulatory or inhibitory receptor pairs that come together upon extracellular peptide dimer binding with corresponding monobody receptors.

Thermal Liquid Biopsy: A Promising Tool for the Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions and Malignancy Detection.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lesions with increasing incidence, usually identified incidentally on imaging studies (multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)) [...

Guiding light with surface exciton-polaritons in atomically thin superlattices.

Two-dimensional materials give access to the ultimate physical limits of photonics with appealing properties for ultracompact optical components such as waveguides and modulators. Specifically, in monolayer semiconductors, a strong excitonic resonance leads to a sharp oscillation in permittivity from positive to even negative values. This extreme optical response enables surface exciton-polaritons to guide visible light bound to an atomically thin layer.

Periodontal Status of Filipino Older Adults in the Focused Interventions for FRAIL Older Adults Research and Development Program (FITforFRAIL): A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction And Objective: Periodontitis is highly prevalent worldwide, and previous investigations have reported increased prevalence and severity among elderly. Regular monitoring of dental health, which includes periodontal conditions, has been recommended by the Philippine Department of Health, as basis for the development and updating of policies and laws that will address the public health problem of periodontal disease among the ageing Filipino population. Therefore, this present study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among Filipino older adults who participated in the Focused Interventions for Frail Older Adults Research and Development Program (FITforFRAIL) study.

evaluation of an adaptive resuscitation controller using whole blood and crystalloid infusates for hemorrhagic shock.

Introduction: Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. The most effective means to increase survivability is early hemorrhage control and fluid resuscitation. Unfortunately, fluid resuscitation requires constant adjustments to ensure casualty is properly managed, which is often not feasible in the pre-hospital setting.

Identification of Antimicrobial-Resistant Zoonotic Bacteria in Swine Production: Implications from the One Health Perspective.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global health and food security and is primarily driven by antimicrobial use in human and veterinary medicine. Understanding its epidemiology at farm level is crucial for effective control measures. Despite the significant reduction in antibiotic use in conventional livestock production, the swine sector traditionally has a higher level of antibiotic use in veterinary medicine.

Non-traditional small companion mammals in Spain as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant .

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms poses a significant concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Non-traditional companion animals (NTCAs), particularly popular amongst households with children, play a crucial role in AMR epidemiology due to their rising population. Indeed, it is known that some of these animals may act as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and thus be able to spread and transmit them to family members, along with their AMR, through their shared environment.

Antimicrobial Peptide Screening for Designing Custom Bactericidal Hydrogels.

() is an opportunistic pathogen that lives on surfaces and skin and can cause serious infections inside the body. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune system and can eliminate pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, and are a promising alternative to antibiotics. Although studies have reported that AMP-functionalized hydrogels can prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, AMP dosing and the combined effects of multiple AMPs are not well understood.

Swine farm environmental microbiome: exploring microbial ecology and functionality across farms with high and low sanitary status.

Introduction: Stringent regulations in pig farming, such as antibiotic control and the ban on certain additives and disinfectants, complicate disease control efforts. Despite the evolution of microbial communities inside the house environment, they maintain stability over the years, exhibiting characteristics specific to each type of production and, in some cases, unique to a particular company or farm production type. In addition, some infectious diseases are recurrent in specific farms, while other farms never present these diseases, suggesting a connection between the presence of these microorganisms in animals or their environment.

Effects of a passive upper-body exoskeleton on whole-body kinematics, leg muscle activity, and discomfort during a carrying task.

Objective: To compare whole-body kinematics, leg muscle activity, and discomfort while performing a 10-min carrying task with and without a passive upper-body exoskeleton (CarrySuitⓇ), for both males and females.

Background: Diverse commercial passive exoskeletons have appeared on the market claiming to assist lifting or carrying task. However, evidence of their impact on kinematics, muscle activity, and discomfort while performing these tasks are necessary to determine their benefits and/or limitations.

Shedding Light on Dark Chemical Matter: The Discovery of a SARS-CoV-2 M Main Protease Inhibitor through Intensive Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation.

The development of specific antiviral therapies targeting SARS-CoV-2 remains fundamental because of the continued high incidence of COVID-19 and limited accessibility to antivirals in some countries. In this context, dark chemical matter (DCM), a set of drug-like compounds with outstanding selectivity profiles that have never shown bioactivity despite being extensively assayed, appears to be an excellent starting point for drug development. Accordingly, in this study, we performed a high-throughput screening to identify inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M) using DCM compounds as ligands.

A comparison of two versus five epineural sutures to achieve successful polyethylene glycol (PEG) nerve fusion in a rat sciatic nerve repair model.

Background: We compared rates of successful polyethylene glycol (PEG) nerve fusion between two epineural suture repairs (2SR) and five epineural suture repairs (5SR) in a rat sciatic nerve transection neurorrhaphy model. We hypothesise that the two and five epineural neural suture repair groups will achieve a similar rate of PEG fusion.

Methods: Twenty-five Lewis rats underwent bilateral sciatic nerve transection.

Disrupted odontoblast differentiation and dentin dysplasia in -deficient mice.

Tooth formation is a process tightly regulated by reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. These epithelial-mesenchyme interactions regulate the expression of target genes via transcription factors. Among the regulatory elements governing this process, Epiprofin/Sp6 is a zinc finger transcription factor which is expressed in the embryonic dental epithelium and in differentiating pre-odontoblasts.

Synthesis and Photopatterning of Synthetic Thiol-Norbornene Hydrogels.

Hydrogels are a class of soft biomaterials and the material of choice for a myriad of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and highly tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. Specifically, light-mediated thiol-norbornene click reactions between norbornene-modified macromers and di-thiolated crosslinkers can be used to form base hydrogels amenable to spatial biochemical modifications via subsequent light reactions between pendant norbornenes in the hydrogel network and thiolated peptides. Macromers derived from natural sources (e.

Revealing Early Spatial Patterns of Cellular Responsivity in Fiber-Reinforced Microenvironments.

Fiber-reinforcement approaches have been used to replace aligned tissues with engineered constructs after injury or surgical resection, strengthening soft biomaterial scaffolds and replicating anisotropic, load-bearing properties. However, most studies focus on the macroscale aspects of these scaffolds, rarely considering the cell-biomaterial interactions that govern remodeling and extracellular matrix organization toward aligned neo-tissues. As initial cell-biomaterial responses within fiber-reinforced microenvironments likely influence the long-term efficacy of repair and regeneration strategies, here we elucidate the roles of spatial orientation, substrate stiffness, and matrix remodeling on early cell-fiber interactions.

Dysregulation in CD39/CD73 Axis May Trigger the Upsurge of the Immune Suppressive Agent Adenosine in OSA Patients.

Introduction: Although higher incidence of cancer represents a major burden for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, the molecular pathways driving this association are not completely understood. Interestingly, adenosinergic signaling has emerged as a powerful immune checkpoint driving tumor development and progression.

Methods: Here, we explored the expression of the adenosinergic ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73 in T-lymphocytes of OSA patients without any evidence of cancer, as well as their soluble forms in plasma (sCD39 and sCD73), along with adenosine.

Exploring the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in and commensal from Non-Traditional Companion Animals: A Pilot Study.

Companion animal ownership has evolved to new exotic animals, including small mammals, posing a new public health challenge, especially due to the ability of some of these new species to harbour zoonotic bacteria, such as , and spread their antimicrobial resistances (AMR) to other bacteria through the environment they share. Therefore, the objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the current epidemiological AMR situation in commensal and spp., in non-traditional companion animal small mammals in the Valencia region.

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among microorganisms to commonly used antibiotics is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Companion animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of AMR, as their population is continuously increasing, posing a risk of disseminating AMR, particularly to strains of public health importance, such as methicillin-resistant strains. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AMR and MDR in commensal and infection-causing spp.

Engineering transcriptional regulation for cell-based therapies.

A major aim in the field of synthetic biology is developing tools capable of responding to user-defined inputs by activating therapeutically relevant cellular functions. Gene transcription and regulation in response to external stimuli are some of the most powerful and versatile of these cellular functions being explored. Motivated by the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, transmembrane receptor-based platforms have been embraced for their ability to sense extracellular ligands and to subsequently activate intracellular signal transduction.

Mesenchymal stem cells enhance targeted bone growth from injectable hydrogels with BMP-2 peptides.

Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease, and the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures is rapidly increasing with the aging population. While bisphosphonates can reduce bone loss and risk of fracture, these drugs are systemic, rely on long-term use, and patient compliance is low. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an FDA-approved protein that can offer a more targeted therapeutic than systemic treatments.

Extending MeCP2 interactome: canonical nucleosomal histones interact with MeCP2.

MeCP2 is a general regulator of transcription involved in the repression/activation of genes depending on the local epigenetic context. It acts as a chromatin regulator and binds with exquisite specificity to gene promoters. The set of epigenetic marks recognized by MeCP2 has been already established (mainly, cytosine modifications in CpG and CpA), as well as many of the constituents of its interactome.

Fibrin Glue Acutely Blocks Distal Muscle Contraction after Confirmed Polyethylene Glycol Nerve Fusion: An Animal Study.

Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a synthetic, biodegradable, and hyperosmotic material promising in the treatment of acute peripheral nerve injuries. Our team set out to investigate the impact of fibrin glue upon PEG fusion in a rat model.

Methods: Eighteen rats underwent sciatic nerve transection and PEG fusion.