A Snapshot of Biomarkers in Psoriasis.

A persistent long-standing, inflammatory skin condition that is brought on by a variety of factors is psoriasis. It is distinguished by itchy, scaly, reddish plaques, particularly on areas of the body that are frequently chafed, including the extensor sites of the limbs. Recent developments in molecular-targeted therapy that use biologics or small-molecule inhibitors can effectively cure even the worst psoriatic indications.

Data sets on delineation of groundwater potential zones identified by geospatial tool in Gudur area, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

The data deals with the preparation of the groundwater potential zone map of gudur area, with the help of data like geology and geomorphology, structure/lineament, slope and drainage and the thematic layer were prepared through the Survey of India toposheet Nos. N/12,N/15,N/16 and IRS-P6 LISS-III(RESOURCESAT-2) satellite data. The groundwater potential zones were obtained and classified into four categories, viz.

Enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 inhibitory action of minocycline by aspirin: an approach to attenuate outcome of acute myocardial infarction in diabetes.

Background And Aims: Diabetes is a risk factor for exacerbated outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and doubles the risk of mortality after MI. Increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in diabetes cause vascular remodelling, which leads to cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We hypothesized that inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 can reduce worsening of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients.

Effects of Gmelina arborea extract on experimentally induced diabetes.

Objective: To study the effects of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea bark on normoglycemic levels and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.

Methods: After single administration of the aqueous extract, plasma glucose level was determined up to 6 h. In subacute study, the aqueous extract was administered for 28 d and plasma glucose level was determined weekly.

Toxicological Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Bark in Mice and Rats.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate acute and repeated dose toxicity of the methanol extract (ME) of the Gmelina arborea stem bark.

Materials And Methods: For the acute toxicity study, ME of G. arborea was orally administered to Swiss albino mice at a dose range of 300-5000 mg/kg.

A therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular dysfunction of diabetes.

Diabetes greatly increases risk of cardiovascular dysfunction and interruptions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been shown to reduce the risk by alteration in extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that minocycline induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition can be enhanced by aspirin (through its COX and tPA inhibitory action) and this combination can reduce cardiovascular dysfunction of diabetes. Four weeks after diabetes induction (streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, i.

Toxicological studies on aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea in rodents.

Context:  Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the traditional system of medicine of India. The plant is used in the treatment of snake-bites, fever, piles, and diabetes.

Toxicological assessments of aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana stem bark.

Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) is widely used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic, but there is a lack of information about its toxicity, especially for the stem bark. The present study evaluated acute oral and repeated-dose toxicity of the stem bark aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana (EJ) in albino mice and Wistar rats.

Minocycline with aspirin: a therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in diabetes leads to degradation of extracellular matrix in blood vessels and leads to complications of diabetes. In the present study, we have targeted MMP-2 and MMP-9 overactivation in diabetic neuropathy using a known MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor, minocycline, with a non-selective COX inhibitor, aspirin. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy was carried out in male Wistar rats and monitored by measuring the sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), tail flick latency and hot plate latency.

Cardioprotective and β-adrenoceptor antagonistic activity of a newly synthesized aryloxypropanolamine derivative PP-36.

The present study was performed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects and pharmacological characterization of newly synthesized β-adrenoreceptor antagonists 3-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (PP-36) in the rat model of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Pre-ischemic administration (20 minutes before coronary occlusion) of PP-36 showed cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. PP-36 (6 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced arrhythmia score (6.

Metabolic effects of various antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic agents on a high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozocin (MLDS) mouse model of diabetes.

Insulin resistance and subsequent insulin secretory defect are two main features of type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. The animal models of type 2 diabetes are very complex and are as heterogeneous as the disease. We have evaluated the effect of various antidiabetic and lipid lowering agents (fenofibrate, rosiglitazone, glimepiride, metformin and simvastatin) on the metabolic abnormalities induced by combining a high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozocin (MLDS) in mice.

Preliminary mechanistic studies on the smooth muscle relaxant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia.

Background And Objectives: Curcuma caesia (family Zingiberaceae) is widely used in India as both an anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic in Ayurvedic medicine. However, there are no published pharmacological data on Curcuma caesia on its potential anti-asthmatic activity. Hence, the objective of the present investigation is to study the mechanisms by which the hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia relaxes the smooth muscle in the bronchioles and vasculature of the respiratory tract.

Migraine: current therapeutic targets and future avenues.

Migraine is characterized by attacks of intense pulsatile and throbbing headache, typically unilateral in nature with or without aura. Migraine affects a substantial fraction (10-20 %) of the world population (more women than men). With regard to the pathophysiology of migraine, several theories have been proposed; the major three are vascular (due to cerebral vasodilatation), neurological (abnormal neurological firing) and neurogenic dural inflammation (release of inflammatory neuropeptides).

Migraine: current concepts and emerging therapies.

Migraine is a recurrent incapacitating neurovascular disorder characterized by attacks of debilitating pain associated with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea and vomiting. Migraine affects a substantial fraction of world population and is a major cause of disability in the work place. Though the pathophysiology of migraine is still unclear three major theories proposed with regard to the mechanisms of migraine are vascular (due to cerebral vasodilatation), neurological (abnormal neurological firing which causes the spreading depression and migraine) and neurogenic dural inflammation (release of inflammatory neuropeptides).

Effect of Sapindus trifoliatus on hyperalgesic in vivo migraine models.

Phytotherapies have offered alternative sources of therapy for migraine and gained much importance in prophylactic treatment. Sapindus trifoliatus is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing wild in south India that belongs to the family Sapindaceae. The pericarp is reported for various medicinal properties.

Pharmacological studies of the aqueous extract of Sapindus trifoliatus on central nervous system: possible antimigraine mechanisms.

The aqueous extract of pericarp of fruits of Sapindus trifoliatus (ST) Linn., family Sapindaceae was evaluated for its potential effects on central nervous system in mice. The extract at doses 20 and 100 mg/kg, i.

In vitro pharmacological investigations of Sapindus trifoliatus in various migraine targets.

Phytotherapies have offered alternative sources of therapy for migraine and gained much importance in prophylactic treatment. The aqueous extract of pericarp of fruits of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn (ST), family Sapindaceae was evaluated for its affinity for 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors in rabbit saphenous vein, alpha-adrenoceptors in rabbit aorta, GABA receptors in guinea pig ileum, 5-HT(2B) receptors in rat fundus and vanilloid receptors in guinea pig trachea. The calcium blocking effect was studied in rabbit aorta while the modulatory role of ST on platelet serotonin release was evaluated in human platelets.

Investigations into the antinociceptive activity of Sapindus trifoliatus in various pain models.

The effect of the aqueous extract of Sapindus trifoliatus (ST) on chemical, thermal-induced pain, nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia and pain on inflamed tissue was investigated. The extract (20 and 100 mg x kg(-1), i.p.

5-HT3 receptors in selective animal models of cognition.

Role of 5-HT3 receptors in cholinergic hypofunctional models of cognitive impairment in the elevated plus maze model and a passive avoidance model is studied. Cognitive impairment was caused by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip) in mice and 5-HT3 ligands mCPBG (1 and 5 mg/kg, ip) and ondansetron (0.5 and 5 mg/kg, ip) were administered before the pre-learning phase to study the effects on acquisition, while post-learning administration was used to determine the effects on consolidation.

Synthesis of new arylaminoquinoxalines and their antimalarial activity in mice.

2-Arylaminoquinoxalines were prepared by the condensation of 2-chloroquinoxaline with the appropriate Mannich bases in the presence of HCl. To synthesize the Mannich bases, 4-acetamidophenol was reacted with formaldehyde and dialkylamine to yield 3-[(dialkylamino) methyl]-4-hydroxyacetanilide, followed by hydrolysis. Antimalarial activities of the new arylaminoquinoxalines were evaluated against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii at a dose of 75 mg kg(-1).

Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological investigations of 1-(1,2-dihydro-2-acenaphthylenyl)piperazine derivatives as potential atypical antipsychotic agents in mice.

In research towards the development of new atypical antipsychotic agents, one strategy is that the dopaminergic system can be modulated through manipulation of the serotonergic system. The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of a series of potential atypical antipsychotic agents based on the structure of 1-(1,2-dihydro-2-acenaphthylenyl)piperazine (7) is described. Compound 7e, 5-{2-[4-(1,2-dihydro-2-acenaphthylenyl)piperazinyl]ethyl}-2,3-dihy dro-1H- indol-2-one, from this series showed significant affinities at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and moderate affinity at the D2 receptor.

MgCl2-sensitive and Gpp(NH)p-sensitive antagonist binding states of rat heart muscarinic receptors: preferential detection at ambient temperature assay and location in two subcellular fractions.

Some novel observations dealing with antagonist binding to cardiac particulate muscarinic receptors are described. Gpp(NH)p increased (2-3 fold) the specific binding of [3H]-QNB or [3H]-NMS, both potent muscarinic antagonists, to washed particles (WP), but not microsomes (MIC), when the binding was conducted at 30 degrees C. Magnesium, on the other hand, increased (2-3 fold) the binding of these antagonists to MIC, but not to WP, under the same condition.

Pharmacological nature of newer imidazoli(di)nes on rat anococcygeus muscle.

The Pharmacological nature of newer imidazoli(di)nes (clonidine analogs) on rat anococcygeus muscle (RA) was investigated. Clonidine analogs produced dose-dependent (1 X 10(-3) to 1 X 10(-5) M) contractions on RA. The relative affinity (pD2) values were in the rank order of ST 375 greater than ST 567 greater than ST 608 greater than CLO greater than ST 600 greater than ST 363 greater than noradrenaline (NA) greater than ST 91 greater than ST 93.

Protective effect of ST-93 against ouabain induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs.

ST-93, a clonidine analog was studied for its antiarrhythmic activity in anaesthetised guinea pigs against ouabain induced arrhythmia. The amount of ouabain required (micrograms/kg) for the production of ventricular premature best. Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest was recorded in control and drug treated group of animals.