Background: There are limited prospective data among overweight and obese individuals on the prevalence of advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis using advanced MRI-based methods in the USA. The aim of this study was to fill that gap in knowledge by prospectively determining the MRI-based prevalence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) and its subcategories, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis among overweight and obese individuals residing in the USA.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of prospectively enrolled overweight or obese adults aged 40-75 years from primary care and community-based settings in Southern California.
Excess liver fat, called hepatic steatosis, is a leading risk factor for end-stage liver disease and cardiometabolic diseases but often remains undiagnosed in clinical practice because of the need for direct imaging assessments. We developed an abdominal MRI-based machine-learning algorithm to accurately estimate liver fat (correlation coefficients, 0.97-0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since 2017. The safety of ICIs in the setting of solid organ transplantation remains controversial. When used in the post-transplant setting, ICIs have been associated with high allograft rejection rates, but there are few published reports on the use of ICIs prior to transplant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is an ultrasound-based point-of-care method to quantify liver fat; however, the optimal threshold for CAP to detect pathologic liver fat among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify the diagnostic accuracy and optimal threshold of CAP for the detection of liver-fat among PLWH with magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) as the reference standard.
Methods: Patients from a prospective single-center cohort of PLWH at risk for HIV-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who underwent contemporaneous MRI-PDFF and CAP assessment were included.
Background: Prior studies have demonstrated a cross-sectional association between elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are no prospective longitudinal assessments of the association between PAI-1 and NAFLD. We aimed to describe the association between PAI-1 levels in early adulthood with NAFLD in midlife.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Cross-sectional studies have shown that magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is accurate in the noninvasive detection of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are limited data on the longitudinal association between an increase in liver stiffness on MRE and fibrosis progression in NAFLD. Therefore, using a well-characterized prospective cohort of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, we aimed to examine the longitudinal association between a 15% increase in liver stiffness on MRE and fibrosis progression in NAFLD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Accurately assessing CVD risk in NAFLD patients is critical to improving clinical outcomes. Use of liver stiffness measurements to noninvasively assess for liver fibrosis is broadening, and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is the most accurate modality in NAFLD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAramchol, an oral stearoyl-coenzyme-A-desaturase-1 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce hepatic fat content in patients with primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its effect in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated NAFLD is unknown. The aramchol for HIV-associated NAFLD and lipodystrophy (ARRIVE) trial was a double-blind, randomized, investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled trial to test the efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with aramchol versus placebo in HIV-associated NAFLD. Fifty patients with HIV-associated NAFLD, defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) ≥5%, were randomized to receive either aramchol 600 mg daily (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) for 12 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tests for the screening of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain a major unmet need. Therefore, we aimed to examine if a combination of serum metabolites can accurately predict the presence of advanced fibrosis.
Design: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort including 156 well-characterised patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and two cohorts, including (1) 142 patients assessed using MRI elastography (MRE) and(2) 59 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with untargeted serum metabolome profiling.
Background & Aims: Lactation lowers blood glucose and triglycerides, and increases insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a longer duration of lactation would be associated with lower prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States.
Methods: Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort study who delivered ≥ 1 child post-baseline (Y0: 1985-1986), and underwent CT quantification of hepatic steatosis 25 years following cohort entry (Y25: 2010-2011) were included (n = 844).
Previous studies have shown that gut-microbiome is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine if serum metabolites, especially those derived from the gut-microbiome, have a shared gene-effect with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective discovery cohort including 156 well-characterized twins and families with untargeted metabolome profiling assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModerate alcohol consumption in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common, yet the effects on cardiovascular and liver health are unclear. Moderate alcohol use is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the general population, but whether similar benefits would be observed in persons with NAFLD remains largely unstudied. There is significant overlap in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD, although studies of ALD have focused on pathological alcohol intake and few mechanistic studies of moderate alcohol use in NAFLD exist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Insulin resistance is central to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an early marker of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that a history of GDM would identify women at higher risk of NAFLD in middle age.
Methods: Women from the multicenter Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study who delivered ≥1 birth, were free of diabetes prior to pregnancy(ies), and underwent CT quantification of hepatic steatosis 25 years following cohort entry (Y25: 2010-2011) were included (n=1,115).