Dried mulberry fruit ameliorates cardiovascular and liver histopathological changes in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.

Background And Aim: Metabolic disease encompasses most contemporary non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Mulberry fruits of L. are a favoured food and a traditional medicine.

Structural requirement of the hydrophobic region of the Bordetella pertussis CyaA-hemolysin for functional association with CyaC-acyltransferase in toxin acylation.

Previously, we demonstrated that the ∼130-kDa CyaA-hemolysin (CyaA-Hly, Met-Arg) from Bordetella pertussis was palmitoylated at Lys when co-expressed with CyaC-acyltransferase in Escherichia coli, and thus activated its hemolytic activity. Here, further investigation on a possible requirement of the N-terminal hydrophobic region (HP, Met-Leu) for toxin acylation was performed. The ∼100-kDa RTX (Repeat-in-ToXin) fragment (CyaA-RTX, Ala-Arg) containing the Lys-acylation region (AR, Ala-Gln), but lacking HP, was co-produced with CyaC in E.

Zn-dependent autocatalytic activity of the Bordetella pertussis CyaA-hemolysin.

Proteolytic degradation of the ∼100-kDa isolated RTX (Repeat-in-ToXin) subdomain (CyaA-RTX) of the Bordetella pertussis CyaA-hemolysin (CyaA-Hly) was evidently detected upon solely-prolonged incubation. Here, a truncated CyaA-Hly fragment (CyaA-HP/BI) containing hydrophobic and acylation regions connected with the first RTX block (BI) was constructed as a putative precursor for investigating its potential autocatalysis. The 70-kDa His-tagged CyaA-HP/BI fragment which was over-expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble aggregate was entirely solubilized with 4 M urea.