Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions.

Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc.

Inverse Electron Demand Diels Alder Reaction of Aza--Quinone Methides and Enaminones: Accessing 3-Aroyl Quinolines and Indeno[1,2-]quinolinones.

We have developed a Diels Alder cycloaddition route toward 3-aroyl quinolines from enaminones and in situ generated aza--quinone methides. The reaction was found to be general with a range of substituted enaminones and aza--quinone methides, and we could validate the applicability of the methodology in gram scale. We also demonstrated a one-pot strategy toward 3-acyl quinolines starting from the corresponding aliphatic ketones.

Water and sediment quality parameters of the restored mangrove ecosystem of Gurupura River and natural mangrove ecosystem of Shambhavi River in Dakshina Kannada, India.

Restoration of Rhizophora mucronata stand in the Gurupura Estuary resulted in improved water and sediment quality parameters. Monthly monitoring from 2011 to 2016 indicates that the restored mangroves grew to a height of 61.49 ± 5.

Phytoconstituents assessment and development of standardization protocol for 'Nayopayam Kwatha', a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation.

Background: Nayopayam kwatha (NK) is a well-known polyherbal formulation widely used to cure respiratory ailments, heart problems, and postnatal difficulties. Literature suggests that so far no standardization protocol was developed for NK to validate its quality and purity.

Objective(s): To develop a standardization protocol for NK based on the marker phytoconstituents present in the individual herbs of the formulation.

and inhibitory effects of against venom.

Background: root is traditionally used and practiced among few Indian tribes as an antidote for snakebites.

Objective: To combat and neutralize venom using methanolic root extract of and to explore its efficacy on venom biomarkers in search of newer herbal antidote or first-aid-point of care for therapeutics.Materialization.

Maternal B12, Folate and Homocysteine Concentrations and Offspring Cortisol and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress.

Context: Imbalances in maternal 1-carbon nutrients (vitamin B12, folate) have been shown to be associated with higher offspring cardiometabolic risk markers in India.

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that low plasma vitamin B12 (B12) and high folate and homocysteine concentrations in the mother are associated with higher hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol) and cardiovascular responses during the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) in an Indian birth cohort.

Methods: Adolescents (n = 264; mean age: 13.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity.

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis.

Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments.

Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether physical activity volume and intensity in mid-childhood and early adolescence were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors at 13.5 years.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the Mysore Parthenon observational birth cohort.

Temporal and spatial variability of beach litter in Mangaluru, India.

Monthly litter samples were collected from three major beaches in Mangaluru from 2011-2016. Fishing litter persisted at the beaches, resulting in higher abundances by number (59%) and weight (33.4%) relative to all litter in 2016.

Comparing BMI with skinfolds to estimate age at adiposity rebound and its associations with cardio-metabolic risk markers in adolescence.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) reaches a nadir in mid-childhood, known as the adiposity rebound (AR). Earlier AR is associated with a higher risk of cardio-vascular diseases in later life. Skinfolds, which are a more direct measure of adiposity, may give better insight into the relationship between childhood adiposity and later obesity and cardio-metabolic risk.

Adiposity and Cortisol Response to Stress in Indian Adolescents.

Objective: We examined associations of different adiposity measures with cortisol responses during the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C).

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.

A Validated Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Ganoderic Acids A and B in Cultivated Strains of Ganoderma spp. (Agaricomycetes) Indigenous to India.

Twenty isolates of Ganoderma spp. indigenous to India were used in this study. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to quantify 2 of the most bioactive triterpenes, ganoderic acid A (GAA) and ganoderic acid B (GAB), among the cultivated Ganoderma spp.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, risk factors and prevalence of cefotaximase, temoneira, and sulfhydryl variable genes among in community-acquired pediatric urinary tract infection.

Introduction: The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing has become an important challenge among pediatric patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, associated risk factors and to survey the frequency of cefotaximase (CTX-M), temoneira (TEM), and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) genotypes in ESBL-producing isolated from children with community-acquired UTI.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from November 2012 to March 2016 in a tertiary care center.

Association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring cognitive function during childhood and adolescence.

Background And Objectives: Animal studies have demonstrated poor cognitive outcomes in offspring in relation to maternal vitamin D deficiency before and/or during pregnancy. Human studies linking maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with offspring cognitive function are limited. We aimed to test the hypothesis that lower maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy is associated with poor offspring cognitive ability in an Indian population.

Birth size, risk factors across life and cognition in late life: protocol of prospective longitudinal follow-up of the MYNAH (MYsore studies of Natal effects on Ageing and Health) cohort.

Introduction: For late-life neurocognitive disorders, as for other late-life chronic diseases, much recent interest has focused on the possible relevance of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Programming by undernutrition in utero, followed by overnutrition in adult life may lead to an increased risk, possibly mediated through cardiovascular and metabolic pathways. This study will specifically examine, if lower birth weight is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in late life in a south Indian population.

Relationship between birth weight and total cholesterol concentration in adulthood: A meta-analysis.

Background: Although a substantial number of studies have investigated the relationship between birth weight and serum cholesterol later in life, the results vary extensively. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between birth weight and total cholesterol concentration in adulthood.

Methods: We considered the results of several published observational studies that reported the association between birth weight and total cholesterol concentration in adulthood.

Association between maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and offspring cognitive function during childhood and adolescence; a systematic review.

Background: The mother is the only source of nutrition for fetal growth including brain development. Maternal nutritional status (anthropometry, macro- and micro-nutrients) before and/or during pregnancy is therefore a potential predictor of offspring cognitive function. The relationship of maternal nutrition to offspring cognitive function is unclear.

Linear Growth and Fat and Lean Tissue Gain during Childhood: Associations with Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescent Indian Children.

Background: We aimed to determine how linear growth and fat and lean tissue gain during discrete age periods from birth to adolescence are related to adolescent cardiometabolic risk factors and cognitive ability.

Methods: Adolescents born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy from an Indian birth cohort (N = 486, age 13.5 years) had detailed anthropometry and measurements of body fat (fat%), fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations, blood pressure and cognitive function.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene: A risk factor of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate.

Background: The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway is crucial in a number of developmental processes and is critical in the formation of variety of craniofacial elements including cranial neural crest, facial primordium, tooth, lip and palate. It is an important mediator in regulation of lip and palate fusion, cartilage and bone formation.

Aim: To study the role of mutation of BMP4 genes in the aetiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL ± P) and identify it directly from human analyses.

Exposure to maternal gestational diabetes is associated with higher cardiovascular responses to stress in adolescent indians.

Context: Altered endocrinal and autonomic nervous system responses to stress may link impaired intra-uterine growth with later cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that offspring of gestational diabetic mothers (OGDM) have high cortisol and cardiosympathetic responses during the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C).

Design: Adolescents from a birth cohort in India (n = 213; mean age, 13.

Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes.

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis.