Positive fluid balance is associated with death and severity of brain injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective: To investigate the association between fluid balance during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and severity of brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective observational study in neonates with HIE. Daily net positive fluid balance during TH was investigated for association with the adverse primary outcome of death or moderate-to-severe brain injury on MRI using multivariable logistic regression.

Cerebral venous volume changes and pressure autoregulation in critically ill infants.

Objective: To determine whether ventilator-related fluctuations in cerebral blood volume (CBV) are associated with cerebral pressure passivity.

Study Design: In a prospective study of newborns undergoing positive-pressure ventilation, we calculated coherence between continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy hemoglobin difference (HbD). Significant HbD-MAP coherence indicated cerebral pressure passivity.

Early Glycemic Profile Is Associated with Brain Injury Patterns on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Objective: To investigate whether the early glycemic profile in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is associated with distinct patterns of brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design: We performed a secondary analysis of 178 prospectively enrolled infants who received therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Glycemic profiles were identified by glucose concentrations within 24 hours after birth: normoglycemia (all glucose concentrations of >47 to ≤150 mg/dL; n = 62); hypoglycemia (≥1 concentration ≤47 mg/dL; n = 17); hyperglycemia (≥1 concentration >150 mg/dL; n = 76); and labile glucose (both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; n = 23).

The Impact of Surgical Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure on Autonomic Function in Premature Infants.

 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common complication of prematurity and a risk factor for poor outcome. Infants undergoing surgical PDA ligation are at highest risk for neurodevelopmental injury. Autonomic dysfunction has been described in premature infants with PDA.