In Situ Synthesis of Horseradish Peroxidase Nanoflower@Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanobiocatalysts with Greatly Enhanced Catalytic Activity.

Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (NFs) consisting of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and copper II (Cu) are successfully synthesized with the involvement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by in situ and post-modification methods. Catalytic activities of in situ synthesized HRP-NF@CNT (HRP-NF@CNT-Is) and post-modification-synthesized HRP-NF@CNTs (HRP-NF@CNT-Pm) are systematically examined. The 30 mg CNTs incorporated HRP-NF@CNT-Is (HRP-NF@CNT-30Is) exhibits greatly increased catalytic activity and stability toward 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), thanks to the synergistic effect between HRP-NF and CNTs and the peroxidase-like activity of CNTs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Effect of pretreated and anaerobically digested microalgae on the chemical and biochemical properties of soil and wheat grown on fluvisol.

In this study, the effects of the potential application of digestate as an agricultural fertiliser obtained from anaerobically digested microalgae treated by three pretreatment methods, namely alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP), high temperature and pressure (HTP), and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) on some properties of soil, and wheat growth and yield were investigated. For this purpose, pretreated and anaerobically digested microalgae digestates alone or together with diammonium phosphate (DAP) as a chemical fertiliser were applied to soil for wheat growth. The highest dosage of AHP pretreated digestate combined with a half dose of DAP applied to soil was rich in nutrients as 0.

Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization.

The increasing population creates excess pressure on the plantation and production of fruits and vegetables across the world. Consumption demand during the whole year has made production compulsory in the covered production system (greenhouse). Production, harvesting, processing, transporting, and distribution chains of fruit and vegetables have resulted in a huge amount of wastes as an alternative source to produce biofuels.

Synthesis of Long-Term Stable Gold Nanoparticles Benefiting from Red Raspberry (), Strawberry (), and Blackberry () Extracts-Gold Ion Complexation and Investigation of Reaction Conditions.

We report synthesis of monodispersed, stable, and colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using anthocyanin-riched red raspberry (), strawberry (), and blackberry () extracts as functions of concentration of HAuCl·3HO and berries extract, reaction time, and reaction pH values (pHs) and demonstrate their unique stability in highly concentrated salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) solutions. The catecholamine group of anthocyanin molecules give preferential coordination reaction with gold ions (Au) for creating anthocyanin-Au complexes, which may lead to initiation of nucleation for seed formation, and then, oxidation of catecholamine results in a flow of electrons from anthocyanins to Au seeds for anisotropic growth. Finally, the surface of the Au NPs is saturated with anthocyanins, and formation of monodispersed and stable Au NPs with narrow size distribution is completed.

Sequential coprecipitation and matrix removal for determination of cadmium impurities from multivitamin supplements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and method validation by isotope dilution analysis of SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets.

In this paper, we examined three different sequential coprecipitation schemes based on Mg(OH) and CaF precipitation using triethylamine (TEA) and hydrofluoric acid (HF), respectively, for determination of cadmium (Cd) impurities from multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements by isotope dilution (ID) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The schemes involved three-step coprecipitation with either TEA alone or in combination with HF and are designated as Scheme 1 (TEA-TEA-TEA), Scheme 2 (TEA-HF-TEA) and Scheme 3 (HF-TEA-TEA) according to the addition sequence of each reagent. Experiments were carried out with MVM solutions spiked with 60 μg L Cd from a multielement standard solution.

Selection of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs with limited off-target-driven rat hepatotoxicity.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) conjugated to a trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand are being evaluated in investigational clinical studies for a variety of indications. The typical development candidate selection process includes evaluation of the most active compounds for toxicity in rats at pharmacologically exaggerated doses. The subset of GalNAc-siRNAs that show rat hepatotoxicity is not advanced to clinical development.

DNA aptamer functionalized gold nanostructures for molecular recognition and photothermal inactivation of methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

In this work, we report the development of DNA aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Apt@Au NPs) and gold nanorods (Apt@Au NRs) for inactivation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with targeted photothermal therapy (PTT). Although both Apt@Au NPs and Apt@Au NRs specifically bind to MRSA cells, Apt@Au NPs and Apt@Au NRs inactivated ∼5% and over 95% of the cells,respectively through PTT. This difference in inactivation was based on the relatively high longitudinal absorption of near-infrared (NIR) radiation and strong photothermal conversion capability for the Apt@Au NRs compared to the Apt@Au NPs.

Self assembled snowball-like hybrid nanostructures comprising Viburnum opulus L. extract and metal ions for antimicrobial and catalytic applications.

Herein, we report the production of novel organic-inorganic nanobio-catalytic and antimicrobial agents called "nanosnowball" (NSBs) with a rational design and elucidate the increase in the catalytic and antimicrobial activities. The NSBs resemble to guelder rose were formed of the extract of Viburnum opulus (VO) as the organic component and copper (II) ions (Cu) as the inorganic component. The effects of the VO extract and Cu concentrations on the morphology of NSBs were systematically examined and characterized with several techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, EDX and XRD.

Novel Imprinted Polymer for the Preconcentration of Cadmium with Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.

A novel Cd(II)-imprinted polymer was prepared with chemical immobilization approach by using N-methacryloyl-L-histidine as a vinylated chelating agent for on-line solid phase extraction of Cd(II) for determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cd(II)-monomer complex was synthesized and copolymerized via bulk polymerization method in the presence of ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate cross-linker. The resulting polymer was leached with 1.

Efficient generation of volatile cadmium species using Ti(III) and Ti(IV) and application to determination of cadmium by cold vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS).

In this study, a highly efficient chemical vapor generation (CVG) approach is reported for determination of cadmium (Cd). Titanium (III) and titanium (IV) were investigated for the first time as catalytic additives along with thiourea, L-cysteine and potassium cyanide (KCN) for generation of volatile Cd species. Both Ti(III) and Ti(IV) provided the highest enhancement with KCN.

MULTIELEMENT SOLID PHASE PRECONCENTRATION USING A CHELATING RESIN OF STYRENE DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMER AND APPLICATION TO ANALYSIS OF SEAWATER AND FISH OTOLITHS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP�MS).

A new chelating resin has been synthesized by immobilizing 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) onto styrene divinlybenzene copolymer and examined for on-line solid phase extraction/preconcentration of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in seawater and fish otoliths for determination by inductively plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A volume of 5.0 mL sample solution was loaded onto the mini column of TAR immobilized resin at 2.

Is aceticlastic methanogen composition in full-scale anaerobic processes related to acetate utilization capacity?

In this study, biomass samples were obtained from six municipal and nine industrial full-scale anaerobic processes to investigate whether the aceticlastic methanogen population composition is related to acetate utilization capacity and the nature of the wastewater treated, i.e. municipal sludge or industrial wastewater.

Selective solid phase extraction of copper using a new Cu(II)-imprinted polymer and determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).

This work reports the preparation of a novel Cu(II)-ion imprinted polymer using 2-thiozylmethacrylamide (TMA) for on-line preconcentration of Cu(II) prior to its determination by inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Cu(II)-TMA monomer (complex) was synthesized and copolymerized via bulk polymerization method in the presence of ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate cross-linker. The resulting polymer was washed with 5% (v/v) HNO to remove Cu(II) ions and then with water until a neutral pH.

Synthesis, characterization and application of a novel ion-imprinted polymer for selective solid phase extraction of copper(II) ions from high salt matrices prior to its determination by FAAS.

A new Cu(II)-imprinted sorbent has been prepared by using 5-methyl-2-thiozylmethacrylamide (MTMAAm). The monomer of Cu(II)-MTMAAm complex was synthesized and copolymerized in the presence of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate cross-linker via bulk polymerization method. The resulting Cu(II)-imprinted polymer was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Cyanovanadate(III) complexes as novel additives for efficient generation of volatile cadmium species in complex samples prior to determinations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

A new method has been described for generation of volatile species of Cd using vanadium(III) cyanide complex. Aqueous solutions of 0.04 mol L(-1) vanadium chloride (VCl3) and 0.

Solid phase extraction of rare earth elements in seawater and estuarine water with 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol immobilized Chromosorb 106 for determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

A solid phase preconcentration method has been developed using new chelating resin prepared by immobilization of 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) on Chromosorb 106. The method was optimized for determination of rare earth elements (REEs) in seawater and estuarine water samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effects of various experimental parameters, such as load pH, eluent concentration, sample and eluent flow rates were examined to find the optimum operating conditions.

On-line chemical vapour generation of cadmium in the presence of hexacyanochromate(III) for determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

A vapour generation (VG) procedure has been described for determination of Cd by ICP-MS. Volatile species of Cd were generated on-line by interacting acidic sample solution containing potassium hexacyanochromate(III), KCr(CN), with sodium borohydride (NaBH). The hexacyanochromate(III) complex was generated on-line by reacting 0.

Pten-null tumors cohabiting the same lung display differential AKT activation and sensitivity to dietary restriction.

PTEN loss is considered a biomarker for activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, a pathway frequently mutated in cancer, and was recently shown to confer resistance to dietary restriction. Here, we show that Pten loss is not sufficient to drive AKT activation and resistance to dietary restriction in tumors with low growth factor receptor levels. We describe a murine Pten-null Kras-driven lung cancer model that harbors both dietary restriction-resistant, higher-grade, bronchiolar tumors with high AKT activity, and dietary restriction-sensitive, lower-grade, alveolar tumors with low AKT activity.

Determination of lead by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HG-ICP-MS): on-line generation of plumbane using potassium hexacyanomanganate(III).

A hydride generation (HG) procedure has been described for determination of Pb by ICP-MS using potassium hexacyanomanganate(III), K(3)Mn(CN)(6), as an additive to facilitate the generation of plumbane (PbH(4)). Potassium hexacyanomanganate(III) was prepared in acidic medium as it was unstable in water. The stability of hexacyanomanganate(III) was examined in dilute solutions of HCl, HNO(3) and H(2)SO(4).

Determination of some trace metals by FAAS after solid-phase extraction with amberlite XAD-1180/TAN chelating resin.

A new chelating resin was synthesized by immobilizing 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol through the -N=N- group on Amberlite XAD-1180. The resin was used for the preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The influences of some analytical parameters, such as the pH, volume of the sample, flow rates of the sample and eluent, matrix components, amount of the resin, and amount and type of the eluent on the recovery, were investigated.

Synthesis of a novel chelating resin and its use for selective separation and preconcentration of some trace metals in water samples.

A new chelating resin, poly[N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methacrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-divinylbenzene], was synthesized and characterized. The resin was used for selective separation, preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) ions in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Effects of pH, concentration and volume of elution solution, sample flow rate, sample volume and interfering ions (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), Al(3+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+), Cl(-) and SO(4)(2-)) on the recovery of the analytes were investigated.

Solid phase extraction of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol loaded Amberlite XAD-1180.

A new method for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions in various matrices was proposed. The method is based on the adsorption and chelation of the metal ions on a column containing Amberlite XAD-1180 resin impregnated with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) reagent prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effect of pH, type, concentration and volume of eluent, sample volume, flow rates of sample and elution solutions, and interfering ions have been investigated.