Effect of low high dietary-advanced glycation end products on insulin-sensitivity and inflammatory- markers among overweight/obese Asian-Indian adults-A randomised controlled trial.

The present study investigated the effect of low high-dietary-Advanced Glycation End products-based diets on oral disposition index-(DIo)-a marker of islet β-cell function and cardiometabolic risks factors in 38-overweight and obese Asian Indian-adults (aged 25-45 years with body-mass-index (BMI) ≥23kg/m) through 12-week isocaloric crossover feeding trial. Biochemical-measures included-glucose tolerance test (GTT), Insulin assay (0,30 and 120 min), lipid-profile, serum-adiponectin, serum-AGE and serum-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-(TBARS) assessed both at baseline and end of each intervention. Generalised linear models showed that low-dAGE diet significantly improved in oral disposition index [Least Square Mean (SE), +0.

AAPM Task Group Report 299: Quality control in multi-energy computed tomography.

Multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) offers the opportunity for advanced visualization, detection, and quantification of select elements (e.g., iodine) or materials (e.

Maximizing microcalcification detectability in low-dose dedicated cone-beam breast CT: parallel cascades-based theoretical analysis.

Purpose: We aim to determine the combination of X-ray spectrum and detector scintillator thickness that maximizes the detectability of microcalcification clusters in dedicated cone-beam breast CT.

Approach: A cascaded linear system analysis was implemented in the spatial frequency domain and was used to determine the detectability index using numerical observers for the imaging task of detecting a microcalcification cluster with 0.17 mm diameter calcium carbonate spheres.

An unusual artifact observed on screening mammography in a patient with an LVAD.

Purpose: Screening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis consist of high-resolution x-ray images to identify findings that are potentially indicative of breast cancer, enabling early detection and reduction of breast cancer mortality. Imaging artifacts can occasionally occur, sometimes due to patient-related medical devices. Because of continuous evolution of new technologies, there is potential for novel artifacts to be encountered.

An attenuation field network for dedicated cone beam breast CT with short scan and offset detector geometry.

The feasibility of full-scan, offset-detector geometry cone-beam CT has been demonstrated for several clinical applications. For full-scan acquisition with offset-detector geometry, data redundancy from complementary views can be exploited during image reconstruction. Envisioning an upright breast CT system, we propose to acquire short-scan data in conjunction with offset-detector geometry.

Dedicated Cone-Beam Breast CT: Reproducibility of Volumetric Glandular Fraction with Advanced Image Reconstruction Methods.

Dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) is an emerging modality and provides fully three-dimensional (3D) images of the uncompressed breast at an isotropic voxel resolution. In an effort to translate this modality to breast cancer screening, advanced image reconstruction methods are being pursued. Since radiographic breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer and CBBCT provides volumetric data, this study investigates the reproducibility of the volumetric glandular fraction (VGF), defined as the proportion of fibroglandular tissue volume relative to the total breast volume excluding the skin.

Clinical validation of electrochemical biosensor for the detection of methylglyoxal in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive by-product of glycolysis, is involved in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Elevated levels of MG have been correlated with micro-and macro-angiopathic complications in diabetes, including neuropathy, kidney disease, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, point-of-care devices for detecting MG may be of great use in the screening of diabetes complications.

Assessment of thrombectomy procedure difficulty by neurointerventionalists based on vessel geometry parameters from carotid artery 3D reconstructions.

Background: Diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke patients within a narrow timeframe is challenging. Time needed to access the occluded vessel and initiate thrombectomy is dictated by the availability of information regarding vascular anatomy and trajectory. Absence of such information potentially impacts device selection, procedure success, and stroke outcomes.

Audit of Prior Screening Mammograms of Screen-Detected Cancers: Implications for the Delay in Breast Cancer Detection.

When cancer is detected in a screening mammogram, on occasion retrospective review of prior screening (pre-index) mammograms indicates a likely presence of cancer. These missed cancers during pre-index screens constitute a delay in detection and diagnosis. This study was undertaken to quantify the missed cancer rate by auditing pre-index screens to improve the quality of mammography screening practice.

The Current State of Timeliness in the Breast Cancer Diagnosis Journey: Abnormal Screening to Biopsy.

There are several steps involved in a breast cancer diagnosis, starting from the initial abnormal screening mammogram. Each step from the additional imaging to a biopsy provokes anxiety. Timely attention to these appointments will not only help allay anxiety but also provide better care.

Artificial Intelligence in Breast X-Ray Imaging.

This topical review is focused on the clinical breast x-ray imaging applications of the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI). The range of AI applications is broad. AI can be used for breast cancer risk estimation that could allow for tailoring the screening interval and the protocol that are woman-specific and for triaging the screening exams.

Savi-Scout Radar Localization: Transitioning From the Traditional Wire Localization to Wireless Technology for Surgical Guidance at Lumpectomies.

Breast-conserving surgery or lumpectomy requires localization of the lesion prior to surgery, which is traditionally accomplished by imaging-guided wire localization. Over the last decade, alternatives to wire localization have emerged. This work reviews the literature on one such wireless technology, SaviScout radar (SSR) system, and shares our experience with using this technology for presurgical tumor localization.

Dedicated cone-beam breast CT: Data acquisition strategies based on projection angle-dependent normalized glandular dose coefficients.

Background: Dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) using short-scan acquisition is being actively investigated to potentially reduce the radiation dose to the breast. This would require determining the optimal x-ray source trajectory for such short-scan acquisition.

Purpose: To quantify the projection angle-dependent normalized glandular dose coefficient ( ) in CBBCT, referred to as angular , so that the x-ray ray source trajectory that minimizes the radiation dose to the breast for short-scan acquisition can be determined.

Value of BI-RADS 3 Audits.

Objectives: BI-RADS 3 is an established assessment category in which the probability of malignancy is equal to or less than 2%. However, monitoring adherence to imaging criteria can be challenging and there are few established benchmarks for auditing BI-RADS 3 assignments. In this study, we explore some parameters that could serve as useful tools for quality control and clinical practice management.

Cone-beam breast CT using an offset detector: effect of detector offset and image reconstruction algorithm.

A dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (BCT) using a high-resolution, low-noise detector operating in offset-detector geometry has been developed. This study investigates the effects of varying detector offsets and image reconstruction algorithms to determine the appropriate combination of detector offset and reconstruction algorithm.Projection datasets (300 projections in 360°) of 30 breasts containing calcified lesions that were acquired using a prototype cone-beam BCT system comprising a 40 × 30 cm flat-panel detector with 1024 × 768 detector pixels were reconstructed using Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm and served as the reference.

Burnout and work-work imbalance in radiology- wicked problems on a global scale. A baseline pre-COVID-19 survey of US neuroradiologists compared to international radiologists and adjacent staff.

Purpose: Worldwide, radiologists are experiencing increasing clinical workloads with associated increased burnout. This paper will review burnout definitions, prevalence, and causes. We will also share data from a survey of US neuroradiologists as an example of the impact of work-work imbalances from clinical overload.

Ultrasound Imaging Morphology is Associated with Biological Behavior in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) is commonly used for diagnostic evaluation of breast lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between US imaging morphology from routine radiologists' interpretation and biological behavior such as receptor status and tumor grade determined from histopathology in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 453 patients with pathology-verified diagnosis of IDC who had undergone US imaging and had surgery over a 5-year period.

Rapid high-resolution volumetric T mapping using a highly accelerated stack-of-stars Look Locker technique.

Purpose: To develop a fast volumetric T mapping technique.

Materials And Methods: A stack-of-stars (SOS) Look Locker technique based on the acquisition of undersampled radial data (>30× relative to Nyquist) and an efficient multi-slab excitation scheme is presented. A principal-component based reconstruction is used to reconstruct T maps.

Performance of overnight on-call radiology residents in interpreting unenhanced abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging studies performed for pediatric right lower quadrant abdominal pain.

Background: Abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used to evaluate children with abdominal pain suspected of having acute appendicitis. At our institution, these examinations are preliminarily interpreted by radiology residents, especially when performed after hours.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of preliminary reports rendered by radiology residents in this setting.

Radiation dosimetry of a clinical prototype dedicated cone-beam breast CT system with offset detector.

Purpose: A clinical-prototype, dedicated, cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) system with offset detector is undergoing clinical evaluation at our institution. This study is to estimate the normalized glandular dose coefficients ( ) that provide air kerma-to-mean glandular dose conversion factors using Monte Carlo simulations.

Materials And Methods: The clinical prototype CBBCT system uses 49 kV x-ray spectrum with 1.

Sparse-view, short-scan, dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography: image quality assessment.

The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of sparse-view acquisition in short-scan trajectories, compared to 360-degrees full-scan acquisition, on image quality measures in dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (BCT). Projection data from 30 full-scan (360-degrees; 300 views) BCT exams with calcified lesions were selected from an existing clinical research database. Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) reconstruction of the full-scan data served as the reference.