Air embolism during unsuccessful transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect in a patient with an undetected left-sided inferior vena cava.

A 46-year-old man with a history of secundum atrial septal defect and interstitial lung disease was admitted to the hospital for a planned transcatheter closure of the atrial septal defect. Following multiple failed attempts to place a right femoral vein catheter, the procedure was aborted. Another attempt was made to the left femoral vein, but that attempt was complicated by an unfamiliar resistance.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Review of Current Knowledge.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe and currently incurable disease that is associated with irreversible fibrotic remodeling of the lung parenchyma. Pathological remodeling of the lung leads to damage of the alveolo-capillary barrier. There is a reduction in the diffusing capacity of the lungs for respiratory gases.

Pulmonary sequestration in adulthood: clinical-morphological study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate pulmonary sequestration (PS). We report on location, blood supply, histology, clinical manifestation, and surgical treatment of PS, as well as on postoperative course in patients with PS.

Background: PS is a rare congenital defect of the lower respiratory tract, it represents locus minoris resistentiae of the body.

Atypical variable origins of the left inferior phrenic artery and left gastric artery.

Objectives: The current report describes the combined unusual origin of the left inferior phrenic and left gastric arteries observed during a routine dissection of the upper abdominal region.

Background: The branches of the abdominal aorta are important vessels that supply blood to various organs and structures in the abdominal cavity. While there is typically a common pattern of branching, anatomical variations can occur, leading to differences in the branching patterns of the abdominal aorta.

A report on accessory renal arteries incidence in Slovak adults: Cadaveric study and surgical correlation.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate renal arterial variations in Slovak context.

Methods: Forty cadavers (80 formalin-fixed cadaveric kidneys) were included in the study. The accessory renal arteries (ARAs) were evaluated on the basis of point of origin, termination in the kidney (superior pole, hilum, inferior pole), and symmetry.

Combined unusual origin and course of the right vertebral artery and right inferior thyroid artery: a case report.

Purpose: An unusual unilateral origin and course of the prevertebral part of the right vertebral artery and anomalous course of the right inferior thyroid artery was observed during dissection of the neck of a cadaver.

Methods: An accidental finding in the cadaver within the anatomical dissection was assessed.

Results: The right vertebral artery originated a nonstandard from brachiocephalic trunk and travelled in the anterior cervical region, along the longus colli muscle in front of the transverse processes from C7 to C4, and it entered the transverse foramen of C3.

[Interaction between p53 and MDM2 in human lung cancer cells].

Background: The oncoprotein p53 protein induces cell growth arrest (apoptosis) in response to endo  or exogenous stimuli. Mutation of TP53 (gene encoding the p53 protein) is common in human malignancies and alters the conformation of p53. The result is a more stable protein which accumulates in nuclei of tumor cells with loss of function.

Comparison of expression pattern of monoamine oxidase A with histopathologic subtypes and tumour grade of renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Studies of the biochemical properties of MAO-A (monoamine oxidase) are numerous, but the information about determination of MAO-A in human normal and tumour renal tissue is limited. Our objectives in the present study were to determine the localization of MAO-A in normal kidney and level of expression of this protein in tumour kidney.

Material/methods: Enzyme immunohistochemical method was chosen for detection of MAO-A in 63 clinical samples of all histopathological types of RCC (renal cell carcinoma).

[Importance of expression of DNA repair proteins in non-small-cell lung cancer].

Background: Proteins XRCC1 and ERCC1 are involved in DNA repair. XRCC1 plays a role in DNA base excision repair and ERCC1 in nucleotide excision repair pathway. Higher expression profile of both proteins in cancer cells may contribute to development of drug resistance.

Investigation of tumour supressor protein p53 in renal cell carcinoma patients.

Background: Investigation of p53 immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of normal renal tissue and renal cell carcinoma with respect to histopathologic subtype and nuclear grade of RCC.

Methods: 42 tissue sections of RCC and 5 samples of normal renal tissue were stained for p53 expression using immunohistochemical assay. The results were analyzed in relation to nuclear grade and histopathologic subtype.

Relation between expression pattern of wild-type p53 and multidrug resistance proteins in human nephroblastomas.

One of the best characterized resistance mechanisms of human cancer is multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1) and multidrug-resistant related protein (MRP1). In addition to Pgp/MDR1 and MRP1, p53 inactivation or mutation might play a relevant role in therapeutic failure. This study involved 25 children (17 girls and 8 boys) aged 7 months to 10 years treated for unilateral Wilms' tumor.

Association between polymorphisms of XRCC1, p53 and MDR1 genes, the expression of their protein products and prognostic significance in human breast cancer.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between XRCC1, p53 and MDR1 protein, along with polymorphisms of their genes and their prognostic values in breast cancer. The following clinical and pathological parameters were evaluated: histopathological type of tumor, grade, stage, Her2/neu expression, ER, PR positivity and involvement of regional lymph nodes.

Material/methods: Expression of proteins was determined in 39 samples of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry.

Histochemical detection of monoamine oxidases in rat female genital organs during preimplantation period of pregnancy.

Objective: Localization of monoamine oxidases (MAO) in rat female gonads during preimplantation period of pregnancy was determined.

Material And Methods: Pregnant females were killed on their first, third, and fifth days of pregnancy and animals were transcardially perfused with PBS and fixative solutions. Ovaries, oviducts and uteri were immediately removed and they served for the determination of MAO localization employing the method of enzymatic histochemistry.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of Pi class glutathione S-transferase expression in invasive breast carcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of our work was to determine the expression of Pi class glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) in 43 samples of invasive breast carcinoma and compare results versus normal breast cells.

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women. Despite advances in early detection and more efficacious adjuvant chemotherapy, a part of patients with early-stage have reccurent disease.

Gp96 and its different expression in breast carcinomas.

The aim of our work was to determine the expression of glycoprotein 96 (gp96; glucose-regulated protein 94 - GRP94) in 69 samples of breast carcinoma. Enzyme immunohistochemical method was chosen for the detection of gp96 protein and its expression was compared in breast cancer cells versus normal breast cells. We found higher expression of gp96 protein in breast carcinoma cells and low or no expression in normal breast cells.

Multidrug resistance proteins in renal cell carcinoma.

A large number of renal cancer patients show poor or partial response to chemotherapy and the precise mechanism has not been understood yet. MDR is the principal mechanism by which many cancers develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and is associated with the elevated expression of MDR proteins. These are divided into two groups: ABC transporters and non-ABC transporters.

Immunohistochemical detection of MDR proteins in Wilms' tumour.

Objectives: The aim of our work was to determine the expression of three MDR proteins (MDR1/Pgp, MRP1 and LRP/MVP) in 15 tissue samples of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour).

Background: The majority of Wilms' tumours respond well to chemotherapy and are successfully cured, but a small subset displays resistance to therapy. The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in this tumour type of childhood are still poorly analyzed.