Exposure to environmental pollutants and genetic variants related to oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism-Association with prostate cancer.

This study assessed whether genetic variants coding for certain enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, antioxidant defences and DNA repair, along with exposure to environmental chemicals, were associated with an increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. The study population consisted of 300 men (150 PCa cases and 150 controls) which underwent prostate biopsy as their serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were greater than 4 ng/ml. Genetic variants in GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, XRCC1 were determined and data for chemical exposures was obtained through a structured questionnaire and by biomonitoring in a subsample of cases and controls.

Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between ejaculation frequency (EF) during four stages of life and prostate cancer (PCa) according to tumor aggressiveness, PCa stage, and urinary symptomatology.

Materials And Methods: A total of 456 incident PCa cases histologically confirmed, and 427 controls aged 40-80 years from the CAPLIFE study were analyzed. This study is a population-based case-control study carried out in the south of Spain.

Follow-Up Biomarkers in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer, Levels of as a Detector in Plasma.

The management and screening of prostate cancer (PC) is still the main problem in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the role of aggressiveness genetic markers for PC stratification. We analyzed 201 plasma samples from PC patients and controls by digital PCR.

Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study.

The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain, and the role of diet is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of diet, through dietary patterns, on PCa, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension. The CAPLIFE study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls aged 40-80 years.

Role of in the Study of Development and Evolution of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate Cancer (PC) is commonly known as one of the most frequent tumors among males. A significant problem of this tumor is that in early stages most of the cases course as indolent forms, so an active surveillance will anticipate the appearance of aggressive stages. One of the main strategies in medical and biomedical research is to find non-invasive biomarkers for improving monitoring and performing a more precise follow-up of diseases like PC.

Determination of Exosome Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Renal Cancer Aggressiveness.

Here, the role of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy was evaluated, mainly in exosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as promising, novel, and stable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 140 fractions (named from B to F) obtained by ultracentrifugations of whole blood samples from 28 individuals (13 patients and 15 controls) were included. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) was conducted to characterized exosomal fraction.

Salivary Melatonin Rhythm and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study.

Purpose: We analyzed the association between salivary melatonin rhythm and prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 PCa cases and 41 controls from the CAPLIFE study were analyzed to determine the salivary melatonin rhythm through 6 saliva samples. Amplitude (maximum melatonin peak) was categorized as low or high using the cutoff point median of the controls.

Identification of MicroRNAs as Viable Aggressiveness Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer.

MiRNAs play a relevant role in PC (prostate cancer) by the regulation in the expression of several pathways' AR (androgen receptor), cellular cycle, apoptosis, MET (mesenchymal epithelium transition), or metastasis. Here, we report the role of several miRNAs' expression patterns, such as miR-93-5p, miR-23c, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-592, miR-141, miR-375, and miR-130b, with relevance in processes like cell proliferation and MET. Using Trizol extraction protocol and TaqMan™ specific probes for amplification, we performed miRNAs' analysis of 159 PC fresh tissues and 60 plasmas from peripheral blood samples.

Night Shift Work, Chronotype, Sleep Duration, and Prostate Cancer Risk: CAPLIFE Study.

To analyze the association between prostate cancer (PCa) risk and night shift work, chronotype, and sleep duration in the context of a population-based case-control study of incident prostate cancer in Spain, a total of 465 PCa cases and 410 controls were analyzed. Selection criteria were: (i) age 40-80 years, and (ii) residence in the coverage area of the reference hospitals for ≥6 months before recruitment. Exposure variables were: (i) night shift work (permanent or rotating); (ii) chronotype: morning, neither, or evening (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire) and (iii) sleep duration according to the recommendations of the American National Sleep Foundation.

[Emergency surgery during COVID-19 pandemia.].

Introduction: The crisis in the SARSCoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 is putting health systems around the world to the test. In a great effort to standardize the management and treatment guidelines, the different health authorities and scientific associations have tried to issue recommendations on how to act in this new and complex scenario. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the existing evidence and recommendations about urological emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Dietary Diversity and Prostate Cancer in a Spanish Adult Population: CAPLIFE Study.

Dietary diversity (DD) is a key component of a high-quality diet, providing the adequate nutrient requirements. However, the role of DD on prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between DD, adequate nutrient intake and PCa, according to the aggressiveness of the tumor.

Recent clinical relevance of mono-genital colonization/infection by Ureaplasma parvum.

Ureaplasma parvum is the most prevalent genital mycoplasma in women of childbearing age. There is debate around the relevance of its presence in male or female genitals for disease development and as a cofactor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization/infection by U.

Genetic variants in xenobiotic detoxification enzymes, antioxidant defenses and hormonal pathways as biomarkers of susceptibility to prostate cancer.

Cancer is considered a complex disease that in many cases results from the interaction between chemical exposures, either from environmental or dietary sources, and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) or antioxidant enzymatic defenses. This study explored associations and interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors on the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in 323 subjects that underwent prostate biopsy due to prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels above 4 ng/ml (161 PCa and 162 non-PCa). Eleven genes involved directly or indirectly in xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress and estrogen signaling were studied (GSTM1, GPX1 (rs1050450 and rs17650792), NAT2 (rs1801280), TXNRD1 (rs7310505), PRDX3 (rs3740562), CYP17A1 (rs743572), PON1 (rs662), SOD1 (rs10432782), SOD2 (rs4880), CAT (rs1001179), and ESR1 (rs746432)).

Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Prostate Cancer.

The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and its relationship to PCa was evaluated. A total of 398 incident PCa cases and 302 controls were included.

Liquid biopsy and prostate cancer. Current evidence applied to clinical practice.

Context: Despite being a validated source of biomarkers, liquid biopsy has not yet succeeded in becoming part of the standard clinical practice in prostate cancer patients. Few biomarkers undergo adequate validation, prospective and independent, of their predictive and/or prognostic value, which results in a lack of the different available tests in the clinical practice.

Objective: To carry out a pragmatic synthesis of current scientific evidence on liquid biopsy for prostate cancer patients.

The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in prostate cancer.

There is an urged need of non-invasive biomarkers for the implementation of precision medicine. These biomarkers are required to these days for improving prostate cancer (PCa) screening, treatment or stratification in current clinical strategies. There are several commercial kits (Oncotype DX genomic prostate score, Prolaris, among others) that use genomic changes, rearrangement or even non-coding RNA events.

[Axitinib in real life, analysis of our results.].

Following first-line treatment progression in metastatic renal carcinoma, different options for second-line treatment are available, with axitinib being one of them. The objective of this article is to evaluate the results of Axitinib in a real practice setting. METHODS: From December 2011 to October 2016, we treated 19 patients with CCRM with Axitinib, 3 patients in third line and 16 patients in second line after progression on Sunitinib or Pazopanib.

[Recommendations for follow up in castration resistant prostate cancer.].

Objectives: There is no broad consensus about what diagnostic tests use for CRPC follow up as well as their frequency. Our objective is to review and analyze the most important CRPC follow up patterns described in the literature to date.

Methods: We performed a critical analysis of the recommendations for follow up most universally employed (PCWG3, RADAR, St Gallen consensus, NCCN guidelines, EAU guidelines) RESULTS: CT scan and bone scan are the routine recommended diagnostic tests, in front of other techniques such as PET/CT or MRI, that may improve the diagnostic efficacy but they have the problem of availability and lack of internal validity for follow up.

[Inpatient candiduria: etiology, susceptibility to antifungal drugs and risk factors].

Objective: Candida could become the second most frequent cause of nosocomial urinary tract infection. Although Candida albicans is the most important species, others have arisen as emerging pathogens. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of candiduria in inpatients.

Antibiotic activity and concentrations in clinical samples from patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Objectives: Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is the most common urological disease in patients younger than 50 years, whose long-standing symptoms could be related to an inappropriate therapeutic regimen. The objective was to analyse the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from patients with CBP and measure the weekly antibiotic concentrations in serum, semen and urine.

Material And Methods: For the antibiotic sensitivity study, 60 clinical isolates were included between January 2013 and December 2014 from semen samples from patients with microbiologically confirmed CBP.

[New therapeutic schedules of Sunitinib: Current evidence regarding the 2:1 scheme.].

Introduction: In 2006, sunitinib approval by the FDA was a real revolution for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, considerable rates of dose reductions and therapeutic suppressions with the standard regimen (4:2) have forced the search for new schedule proposals in order to optimize the balance between side effects and oncologic efficacy. Among these new proposals, the 2:1 scheme is the one that has generated more expectations.

Role of PET-CT with F-fluorocholine in biochemical recurrence after treatment of prostate cancer with curative intent.

Objectives: To analyse the ability of the PET-CT with F-fluorocholine (F-FCH) to detect disease on biochemical recurrence after treatment with curative intent. To determine the clinical variables that would be able to optimise the test's diagnostic yield.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of PET-CTs with F-fluorocholine performed on 61 patients with prostate cancer who had undergone treatment with curative intent and met the criteria for biochemical recurrence.