ß-cell pancreatic dysfunction plays a role in hyperglycemic peaks observed after gastric bypass surgery of obese patients.

Background: Early and intense hyperglycemic peaks are observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objectives: The aim of this observational study was to compare the ß-cell pancreatic function of patients with (PEAK) and without hyperglycemic peaks (NOPEAK).

Setting: Referral bariatric surgery center.

Post-prandial hypoglycemia results from a non-glucose-dependent inappropriate insulin secretion in Roux-en-Y gastric bypassed patients.

Background: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), hypoglycemia can occur and be associated with adverse events such as intense malaise and impaired quality of life.

Objective: To compare insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance between two groups of patients, with or without hypoglycemia, after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT 75-g), and also to compare real-life glucose profiles within these two groups.

Setting: Bariatric surgery referral center.

Glucose Profiles in Pregnant Women After a Gastric Bypass : Findings from Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Background: The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) usually requires an oral glucose tolerance test, but this procedure seems inappropriate after gastric bypass surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)) due to specific altered glycemic responses. We aimed here at describing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profile of pregnant women after RYGB.

Methods: CGM was performed in 35 consecutive pregnant women after RYGB at 26.

Hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass: mechanisms and treatment.

Hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass can be severe, but is uncommon, and is sometimes only revealed through monitoring glucose concentrations. The published literature is limited by the heterogeneity of the criteria used for diagnosis, arguing in favour of the Whipple triad with a glycaemia threshold of 55 mg/dl as the diagnostic reference. Women who lost most of their excess weight after gastric bypass, long after the surgery was performed, and who did not have diabetes before surgery are at the greatest risk.

Impact of Carbohydrate Content and Glycemic Load on Postprandial Glucose After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Background: Abnormal glucose profiles have been described after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with intense postprandial hyperglycemic peaks in some but not all the patients. The underlying mechanisms of these anomalies are not totally understood.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether or not the composition of the meal impacts the existence and maximum interstitial glucose (IG) concentration, measured under real-life conditions.

Nutrition and Cognition in Aging Adults.

Numerous longitudinal observational studies have suggested that nutrients, such as antioxidants, B vitamins, and ω-3 fatty acids, may prevent cognitive decline or dementia. There is very little evidence from well-sized randomized controlled trials that nutritional interventions can benefit cognition in later life. Nutritional interventions may be more effective in individuals with poorer nutritional status or as part of multidomain interventions simultaneously targeting multiple lifestyle factors.

Determinants of changes in muscle mass after bariatric surgery.

Aim: The constituents of weight loss following bariatric surgery are poorly known. There is an expectation of a limited loss of lean body mass (LBM), and a significant loss of fat mass (FM) as well as muscle mass (MM), which could lead to functional loss and metabolic impairment. This prospective study analysed the determinants of MM changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.

Increased risk of OGTT-induced hypoglycemia after gastric bypass in severely obese patients with normal glucose tolerance.

Background: Hypoglycemic episodes are described after bariatric surgery.

Objective: To report the prevalence of hypoglycemia after a 75 g oral glucose load (OGTT) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), and to identify predicting factors.

Setting: Bariatric surgery referral center.

Usefulness of acarbose and dietary modifications to limit glycemic variability following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.

Background: About 70% of the patients operated on for a gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) suffer from dumping syndrome. In these patients, previous studies have demonstrated a high glycemic variability with hypoglycemia and with altered continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with dietary counseling plus acarbose administration on the symptoms and on the characteristics of the CGM profile.

[Large-vessel granulomatous vasculitis during the course of sarcoidosis: Takayasu's arteritis?].

Background: Vascular involvement in sarcoidosis is very rare and is characterized by preferential involvement of large vessels similar to that observed in Takayasu's disease. Distinguishing between these two diseases is often difficult and constitutes a diagnostic pitfall. The association between sarcoidosis and Takayasu's arteritis is not coincidental and a common physiopathological factor may exist; it suggests a possible aetiopathogenetic relationship between sarcoidosis and Takayasu's arteritis and casts doubt on whether this form of vasculitis is a disease in its own right or simply a syndrome caused by other diseases.

[What's new about microsatellite instability significance in human carcinogenesis?].

Microsatellite instabilities (MIN) represent a new type of mutation characterized by genomic instability (or replication error phenotype, RER+). First identified in sporadic and familial colorectal tumors, the RER+ phenotype has been sought in multiple types of cancers. Thus, two types of instability mechanisms have been shown: one due to inactivation of the mismatch repair system (phenotype RER+) and a second still unclear (instability of tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats).